How to format your references using the Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Marty T. Research efficiency: Clean up the waste. Nature. 2012 Apr 4;484(7392):27–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

Burdett TC, Freeman MR. Neuroscience. Astrocytes eyeball axonal mitochondria. Science. 2014 Jul 25;345(6195):385–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sha WEI, Li X, Choy WCH. Breaking the space charge limit in organic solar cells by a novel plasmonic-electrical concept. Sci Rep. 2014 Aug 29;4:6236.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Hawkesworth C, Cawood P, Kemp T, Storey C, Dhuime B. Geochemistry. A matter of preservation. Science. 2009 Jan 2;323(5910):49–50.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wong KD. Fundamentals of Wireless Communication Engineering Technologies. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

Jemec GBE, Kemeny L, Miech D, editors. Non-Surgical Treatment of Keratinocyte Skin Cancer. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009. XIII, 217 p.

A chapter in an edited book

Yashin AI, Ukraintseva SV, Akushevich I, Kulminski AM, Arbeev KG, Stallard E. Evidence for Dependence Among Diseases. In: Stallard E, Land KC, editors. Biodemography of Aging: Determinants of Healthy Life Span and Longevity. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2016. p. 95–111. (The Springer Series on Demographic Methods and Population Analysis).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology.

Blog post

Davis J. Americans Throw Twice As Much Trash In Landfills As Previously Thought [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/americans-throw-twice-much-trash-landfills-previously-thought/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Transportation Security Administration: TSA Executive Attrition Has Declined, but Better Information Is Needed on Reasons for Leaving and Executive Hiring Process. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2009 Oct. Report No.: GAO-10-139.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pestano AC. The Utilization of a Web-Based Internet Application to Improve Access and Efficiency of In-Home Care Services Provided by Personal Care Aides [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Leland J. Black Enclave’s Newcomers: Mr. and Mrs. L.L.C. New York Times. 2016 Aug 26;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology
Abbreviation	Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol.
ISSN (print)	0305-1870
ISSN (online)	1440-1681
Scope	Physiology Physiology (medical) Pharmacology

Research and Writing Guides