How to format your references using the Journal of Dental Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Dental Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Berkman PA. International spaces promote peace. Nature. 2009;462(7272):412-413.

A journal article with 2 authors

Clarke CF, Allan CM. Biochemistry: Unexpected role for vitamin B2. Nature. 2015;522(7557):427-428.

A journal article with 3 authors

Staal M, Meysman FJR, Stal LJ. Temperature excludes N2-fixing heterocystous cyanobacteria in the tropical oceans. Nature. 2003;425(6957):504-507.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Helenius J, Ng DTW, Marolda CL, Walter P, Valvano MA, Aebi M. Translocation of lipid-linked oligosaccharides across the ER membrane requires Rft1 protein. Nature. 2002;415(6870):447-450.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Simon L. Control of Biological and Drug-Delivery Systems for Chemical, Biomedical, and Pharmaceutical Engineering. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

Okeoma CM, ed. Chikungunya Virus: Advances in Biology, Pathogenesis, and Treatment. Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Butler NS, Harty JT. The Role of Inflammation in the Generation and Maintenance of Memory T Cells. In: Zanetti M, Schoenberger SP, eds. Memory T Cells. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer; 2010:42-56.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Dental Sciences.

Blog post

Andrew E. Robots Could Use 3D Printing To Build Mars Bases Before Astronauts Arrive. IFLScience. July 3, 2014. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/space/robots-could-use-3d-printing-build-mars-bases-astronauts-arrive/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Air Traffic Control: FAA’s Implementation of Modernization Projects in the Field. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1989.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gao S. Characterization of the TAT Cell Penetrating Peptide and Directed Evolution of New Cell Penetrating Peptides for Protein and Nucleotide Delivery to Neuronal -like Cells. Doctoral dissertation. Columbia University; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G. Where Many Things Besides the Islanders Need Fixing. New York Times. July 31, 2011:SP9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Dental Sciences
ISSN (print)	1991-7902
Scope