How to format your references using the Journal of Surgery and Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Surgery and Medicine (JOSAM). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Bonetta L. Gene expression: an expression of interest. Nature. 2006;440:1233–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Kolaczkowski B, Thornton JW. Performance of maximum parsimony and likelihood phylogenetics when evolution is heterogeneous. Nature. 2004;431:980–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Wall DH, Nielsen UN, Six J. Soil biodiversity and human health. Nature. 2015;528:69–76.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Kim DY, Lai T-H, Lee JW, Manders JR, So F. Multi-spectral imaging with infrared sensitive organic light emitting diode. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5946.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Zlokarnik M. Scale-Up in Chemical Engineering. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2006.

An edited book

1. Oliveira MVM, Woodcock J, editors. Formal Methods: Foundations and Applications: 12th Brazilian Symposium on Formal Methods, SBMF 2009 Gramado, Brazil, August 19-21, 2009 Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Morazán MT. Bytecode and Memoized Closure Performance. In: McCarthy J, editor. Trends in Functional Programming: 14th International Symposium, TFP 2013, Provo, UT, USA, May 14-16, 2013, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014. p. 58–75.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Surgery and Medicine.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. The Future Of Data Science Looks Spectacular. IFLScience. 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/future-data-science-looks-spectacular/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Federal Student Loan Programs: Opportunities Exist to Improve Audit Requirements and Oversight Procedures. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2010.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Karas LL. Information systems and technology leaders in merger and acquisition integrations. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Glanz J, Sanger DE. Trump, Who Pledged to Overhaul Nuclear Arsenal, Now Faces Higher Costs. New York Times. 2017;:A16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Surgery and Medicine
ISSN (online)	2602-2079
Scope

Research and Writing Guides