How to format your references using the Journal of Surgery and Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Surgery and Medicine (JOSAM). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Binzel RP. Planetary science. A golden spike for planetary science. Science. 2012;338:203–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Guessoum N, Osama A. Institutions: Revive universities of the Muslim world. Nature. 2015;526:634–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Orlitsky A, Santhanam NP, Zhang J. Always Good Turing: asymptotically optimal probability estimation. Science. 2003;302:427–31.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Ogi H, Fukukshima M, Hamada H, Noi K, Hirao M, Yagi H, et al. Ultrafast propagation of β-amyloid fibrils in oligomeric cloud. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6960.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. J.G. Upton G. Categorical Data Analysis by Example. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

1. Kumar P. Socioeconomic and Environmental Implications of Agricultural Residue Burning: A Case Study of Punjab, India. New Delhi: Springer India; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Boer J, Vijver M, Wesenbeeck L, Herok C, Kuik O. Social Desirability: National and International Context. In: Aiking H, Boer J de, Vereijken J, editors. Sustainable Protein Production and Consumption: Pigs or Peas? Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2006. p. 129–53.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Surgery and Medicine.

Blog post

1. Evans K. Scientists Glue Shark Teeth To Electric Saw To Mimic How They Bite. IFLScience. 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/scientists-glue-shark-teeth-to-electric-saw-to-mimic-how-they-bite/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Multiyear Authorizations for Research and Development. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1981.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Messian NM. The Spiral of Time: A Path to the Soul—Jewish Mystical and Depth Psychological Perspectives. Doctoral dissertation. Pacifica Graduate Institute; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Wagner J. With Colon Free and Pitchers Hurt, Mets’ Future Could Lie in Their Past. New York Times. 2017;:B10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Surgery and Medicine
ISSN (online)	2602-2079
Scope