How to format your references using the Journal of Complexity citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Complexity. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

M.M.M. Kuypers, Microbiology. Sizing up the uncultivated majority, Science 317 (2007) 1510–1511.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

G. Nair, A. Raj, Molecular biology. Time-lapse transcription, Science 332 (2011) 431–432.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

P.E. Bourne, J.R. Lorsch, E.D. Green, Perspective: Sustaining the big-data ecosystem, Nature 527 (2015) S16-7.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

T. Kondo, S. Sawa, A. Kinoshita, S. Mizuno, T. Kakimoto, H. Fukuda, Y. Sakagami, A plant peptide encoded by CLV3 identified by in situ MALDI-TOF MS analysis, Science 313 (2006) 845–848.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Y.-H. Kim, Sound Propagation, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2010.

An edited book

[1]

A. Campilho, M. Kamel, eds., Image Analysis and Recognition: 5th International Conference, ICIAR 2008, Póvoa de Varzim, Portugal, June 25-27, 2008. Proceedings, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

F. Zaidi, D. Archambault, G. Melançon, Evaluating the Quality of Clustering Algorithms Using Cluster Path Lengths, in: P. Perner (Ed.), Advances in Data Mining. Applications and Theoretical Aspects: 10th Industrial Conference, ICDM 2010, Berlin, Germany, July 12-14, 2010. Proceedings, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010: pp. 42–56.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Complexity.

Blog post

[1]

R. Andrews, How Many Calories Does Having Sex Really Burn?, IFLScience (2016). https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/how-many-calories-does-having-sex-really-burn/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Federal Chief Information Officers: Opportunities Exist to Improve Role in Information Technology Management, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2011.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

L.G. Saguilig, A Clinical Decision Support System for the Prevention of Genetic-Related Heart Disease, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

M.S. Schmidt, Car Chase, White House To Capitol, Has Fatal End, New York Times (2013) A12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Complexity
Abbreviation	J. Complex.
ISSN (print)	0885-064X
Scope	Algebra and Number Theory Applied Mathematics Control and Optimization Numerical Analysis Statistics and Probability