How to format your references using the Citizenship Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Citizenship Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hassan, Mohamed. 2008. “Beijing 1987: China’s Coming-out Party.” Nature 455 (7213): 598–599.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ehrenfreund, Pascale, and Bernard Foing. 2015. “Astrochemistry: Fullerene Solves an Interstellar Puzzle.” Nature 523 (7560): 296–297.

A journal article with 3 authors

Eberhardt, M. V., C. Y. Lee, and R. H. Liu. 2000. “Antioxidant Activity of Fresh Apples.” Nature 405 (6789): 903–904.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Elsabahy, Mahmoud, Shiyi Zhang, Fuwu Zhang, Zhou J. Deng, Young H. Lim, Hai Wang, Perouza Parsamian, Paula T. Hammond, and Karen L. Wooley. 2013. “Surface Charges and Shell Crosslinks Each Play Significant Roles in Mediating Degradation, Biofouling, Cytotoxicity and Immunotoxicity for Polyphosphoester-Based Nanoparticles.” Scientific Reports 3 (November): 3313.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Van Fleet, Patrick J. 2008. Discrete Wavelet Transformations. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Yao, Jingtao, ed. 2010. Web-Based Support Systems. Advanced Information and Knowledge Processing. London: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Boucheneb, Hanifa, and Abdessamad Imine. 2009. “On Model-Checking Optimistic Replication Algorithms.” In Formal Techniques for Distributed Systems: Joint 11th IFIP WG 6.1 International Conference FMOODS 2009 and 29th IFIP WG 6.1 International Conference FORTE 2009, Lisboa, Portugal, June 9-12, 2009. Proceedings, edited by David Lee, Antónia Lopes, and Arnd Poetzsch-Heffter, 73–89. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Citizenship Studies.

Blog post

Andrews, Robin. 2016. “Here’s What It Takes To Raise Seriously Smart Kids, According To A 45-Year-Long Study.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/heres-what-it-takes-to-raise-seriously-smart-kids-according-to-a-45yearlong-study/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2010. Telecommunications: FCC Should Assess the Design of the E-Rate Program’s Internal Control Structure. GAO-10-908. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Freedman, Ryan. 2014. “Assessing the Functional Recovery and Connectivity Potential of Restored Estuaries in Southern California Using Juvenile Predator Fish Movements.” Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner, James. 2017. “Venezuelan Ballplayers Love Homeland, at a Safe Distance.” New York Times, March 11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hassan 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Hassan 2008; Ehrenfreund and Foing 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ehrenfreund and Foing 2015)
Three authors: (Eberhardt, Lee, and Liu 2000)
4 or more authors: (Elsabahy et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Citizenship Studies
Abbreviation	Citizensh. Stud.
ISSN (print)	1362-1025
ISSN (online)	1469-3593
Scope	Geography, Planning and Development Political Science and International Relations

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