How to format your references using the Journal of Competitiveness citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Competitiveness. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Marino, J. (2014). On the road again. Science (New York, N.Y.), 344(6188), 1194.

A journal article with 2 authors

Butler, D., & Pockley, P. (2000). Monsanto makes rice genome public. Nature, 404(6778), 534.

A journal article with 3 authors

Fournier, A. E., GrandPre, T., & Strittmatter, S. M. (2001). Identification of a receptor mediating Nogo-66 inhibition of axonal regeneration. Nature, 409(6818), 341–346.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Hartschuh, A., Pedrosa, H. N., Novotny, L., & Krauss, T. D. (2003). Simultaneous fluorescence and Raman scattering from single carbon nanotubes. Science (New York, N.Y.), 301(5638), 1354–1356.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Crook, T., & Kemp, P. A. (2010). Transforming Private Landlords. Wiley-Blackwell.

An edited book

Boumerdassi, S., Renault, É., & Bouzefrane, S. (Eds.). (2016). Mobile, Secure, and Programmable Networking: Second International Conference, MSPN 2016, Paris, France, June 1-3, 2016, Revised Selected Papers (Vol. 10026). Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Alves-Prado, H. F., Gomes, E., & Da Silva, R. (2007). Purification and Characterization of a Cyclomaltodextrin Glucanotransferase From Paenibacillus campinasensis Strain H69-3. In J. R. Mielenz, K. T. Klasson, W. S. Adney, & J. D. McMillan (Eds.), Applied Biochemistry and Biotecnology: The Twenty-Eighth Symposium Proceedings of the Twenty-Eight Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals Held April 30–May 3, 2006, in Nashville, Tennessee (pp. 41–55). Humana Press.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Competitiveness.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, June 3). 20 Awesome Science Experiments You Can Do Right Now At Home. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/unfinished-20-fun-science-experiments-you-can-do-home/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2016). Telecommunications: Additional Coordination and Performance Measurement Needed for High-Speed Internet Access Programs on Tribal Lands (GAO-16-222). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sun, Z. (2013). A qualitative study of Chinese parents’ beliefs, involvement and challenges in support of their children’s English language development in China [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sarotte, M. E. (2014, November 6). How the Berlin Wall Really Fell. New York Times, A21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Marino, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Butler & Pockley, 2000; Marino, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Butler & Pockley, 2000)
Three or more authors: (Hartschuh et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Competitiveness
ISSN (print)	1804-171X
ISSN (online)	1804-1728
Scope