How to format your references using the Journal of Cold Regions Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Cold Regions Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hestmark, G. 2000. “Temptations of the tree.” Nature, 408 (6815): 911.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kramer, G. J., and M. Haigh. 2009. “No quick switch to low-carbon energy.” Nature, 462 (7273): 568–569.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kender, S., J. Yu, and V. L. Peck. 2014. “Deep ocean carbonate ion increase during mid Miocene CO2 decline.” Sci. Rep., 4: 4187.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Yang, D., J. Carpena-Núñez, L. F. Fonseca, A. Biaggi-Labiosa, and G. W. Hunter. 2014. “Shape-controlled synthesis of palladium and copper superlattice nanowires for high-stability hydrogen sensors.” Sci. Rep., 4: 3773.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Adhikari, S. 2013. Structural Dynamic Analysis with Generalized Damping Models. Hoboken, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Wieringa, R., and A. Persson (Eds.). 2010. Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality: 16th International Working Conference, REFSQ 2010, Essen, Germany, June 30–July 2, 2010. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Pachler, N., B. Bachmair, and J. Cook. 2010. “Whither a Socio-Cultural Ecology of Learning with Mobile Devices.” Mobile Learning: Structures, Agency, Practices, B. Bachmair and J. Cook, eds., 155–171. Boston, MA: Springer US.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Cold Regions Engineering.

Blog post

Andrew, E. 2014. “Lava Flow In Hawaii Incinerates Its First House.” IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/lava-flow-hawaii-incinerates-its-first-house/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2014. Aviation Workforce: Current and Future Availability of Airline Pilots. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Thixton, H. L. 2017. “Identification of Site-Specific Mycorrhizal Fungi Associates of the Federally Threatened Eastern Prairie Fringed Orchid (Platanthera leucophaea) in Illinois.” Doctoral dissertation. Edwardsville, IL: Southern Illinois University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Murphy, M. J. O. 2014. “Rudolph Valentino in ‘The Sheik.’” New York Times, November 7, 2014.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hestmark 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Hestmark 2000; Kramer and Haigh 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kramer and Haigh 2009)
Three or more authors: (Yang et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Cold Regions Engineering
Abbreviation	J. Cold Reg. Eng.
ISSN (print)	0887-381X
ISSN (online)	1943-5495
Scope	Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering