How to format your references using the Middle East Critique citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Middle East Critique. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Evans, R. L. (2008) Geochemistry. Carbon in Charge, Science (New York, N.Y.), 322(5906), pp. 1338–1340.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cadwell, K. & Coscoy, L. (2005) Ubiquitination on Nonlysine Residues by a Viral E3 Ubiquitin Ligase, Science (New York, N.Y.), 309(5731), pp. 127–130.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhang, K., Zhang, Y. & Wang, S. (2013) Enhancing Thermoelectric Properties of Organic Composites through Hierarchical Nanostructures, Scientific Reports, 3, p. 3448.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Ji, M. et al. (2017) Atmospheric Trace Gases Support Primary Production in Antarctic Desert Surface Soil, Nature, 552(7685), pp. 400–403.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hübschmann, H.-J. (2015) Handbook of GC-MS (Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA).

An edited book

Zhou, J. (ed.) (2009) Complex Sciences: First International Conference, Complex 2009, Shanghai, China, February 23-25, 2009, Revised Papers, Part 2. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 5 (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer).

A chapter in an edited book

Morazán, M. T. (2014) Bytecode and Memoized Closure Performance, in: J. McCarthy (ed.) Trends in Functional Programming: 14th International Symposium, TFP 2013, Provo, UT, USA, May 14-16, 2013, Revised Selected Papers. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 58–75 (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Middle East Critique.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014) Missouri Bill Would Allow Students To “Opt-Out” of Learning Evolution, IFLScience (IFLScience). Available at https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/missouri-bill-would-allow-students-“opt-out”-learning-evolution/, accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (16 January 2000) Gender Equity: Men’s and Women’s Participation in Higher Education (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office), Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Williamson, C. L. (2012) Hispanic Female Undergraduates Perception of Nursing as a Career Choice: A Phenomenological Study ( Doctoral dissertation Phoenix, AZ: University of Phoenix).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cunningham, J. (8 June 2017) Spotting Celebrities on His Lunch Break, New York Times, p. A18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	Middle East Critique
Abbreviation	Middle East Crit.
ISSN (print)	1943-6149
ISSN (online)	1943-6157
Scope	History Cultural Studies Political Science and International Relations

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