How to format your references using the Demographic Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Demographic Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Savage, N. (2012). Technology: the taste of things to come. Nature 486(7403):S18-9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Pimm, S.L. and Brown, J.H. (2004). Ecology. Domains of diversity. Science (New York, N.Y.) 304(5672):831–833.

A journal article with 3 authors

Conard, N.J., Malina, M., and Münzel, S.C. (2009). New flutes document the earliest musical tradition in southwestern Germany. Nature 460(7256):737–740.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Moon, C.R., Mattos, L.S., Foster, B.K., Zeltzer, G., Ko, W., and Manoharan, H.C. (2008). Quantum phase extraction in isospectral electronic nanostructures. Science (New York, N.Y.) 319(5864):782–787.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Burnett, R., Brunstrom, A., and Nilsson, A.G. (2005). Perspectives on Multimedia. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Bebis, G., Boyle, R., Parvin, B., Koracin, D., Remagnino, P., Nefian, A., Meenakshisundaram, G., Pascucci, V., Zara, J., Molineros, J., Theisel, H., and Malzbender, T. (eds.) (2006). Advances in Visual Computing: Second International Symposium, ISVC 2006 Lake Tahoe, NV, USA, November 6-8, 2006. Proceedings, Part II. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. Lecture Notes in Computer Science.

A chapter in an edited book

Fuligni, A.J. (2011). Social Identity, Motivation, andWell Being Among Adolescents from Asian and Latin American Backgrounds. In: Carlo, G., Crockett, L. J. and Carranza, M. A. (eds.). Health Disparities in Youth and Families: Research and Applications. New York, NY: Springer: 97–120.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Demographic Research.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015). In Our Wi-Fi World, The Internet Still Depends On Undersea Cables [electronic resource]. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/our-wi-fi-world-internet-still-depends-undersea-cables/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1992). NASA: Changes to the Scope, Schedule, and Estimated Cost of the Earth Observing System. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bennett, J.L. (2013). An examination of therapeutic recreation programs for veterans with combat-related disabilities and their families. [Doctoral dissertation]. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, K. (2001). On a Site of Terror and Death, Survivors Find a Role. New York Times:H6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Savage 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Pimm and Brown 2004; Savage 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Pimm and Brown 2004)
Three authors: (Conard, Malina, and Münzel 2009)
4 or more authors: (Moon et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Demographic Research
Abbreviation	Demogr. Res.
ISSN (print)	1435-9871
ISSN (online)	2363-7064
Scope	Demography