How to format your references using the Journal of Clinical Rheumatology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Clinical Rheumatology (JCR). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Foster KR. Biomedicine. Hamiltonian medicine: why the social lives of pathogens matter. Science. 2005;308:1269-1270.

A journal article with 2 authors

Alsdorf DE, Lettenmaier DP. Geophysics. Tracking fresh water from space. Science. 2003;301:1491-1494.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ochman H, Lawrence JG, Groisman EA. Lateral gene transfer and the nature of bacterial innovation. Nature. 2000;405:299-304.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Zhang JV, Ren P-G, Avsian-Kretchmer O, et al. Obestatin, a peptide encoded by the ghrelin gene, opposes ghrelin’s effects on food intake. Science. 2005;310:996-999.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ferguson N, Schneier B, Kohno T. Cryptography Engineering. Indianapolis, Indiana: Wiley Publishing, Inc.; 2015.

An edited book

Schumann AH, ed. Flood Risk Assessment and Management: How to Specify Hydrological Loads, Their Consequences and Uncertainties. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Acampora G, Loia V, Vitiello A. An Enhanced Visual Environment for Designing, Testing and Developing FML-Based Fuzzy Systems. In: Acampora G, Loia V, Lee C-S, Wang M-H, eds. On the Power of Fuzzy Markup Language. Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013:51-70.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Clinical Rheumatology.

Blog post

Carpineti A. NASA’s Next Mission Will Study The Extreme Environment Around Black Holes. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/space/nasa-s-next-mission-will-study-the-extreme-environment-around-black-holes/. Published January 4, 2017 Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Federal Communications Commission: Assessment and Collection of Regulatory Fees for Fiscal Year 2000. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2000.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bowles A. The development of a standard of care for competency to stand trial evaluations. 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L. Justices Hear Arguments on Internet Pornography Law. New York Times. October 31, 2007:A18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Clinical Rheumatology
Abbreviation	J. Clin. Rheumatol.
ISSN (print)	1076-1608
ISSN (online)	1536-7355
Scope	Rheumatology

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