How to format your references using the Journal of Clinical Rheumatology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Clinical Rheumatology (JCR). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Eggleston AK. RNA silencing. Nature. 2009;457:395.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lybarger SR, Sandkvist M. Microbiology. A hitchhiker’s guide to type IV secretion. Science. 2004;304:1122-1123.

A journal article with 3 authors

Liu Q-S, Pu L, Poo M-M. Repeated cocaine exposure in vivo facilitates LTP induction in midbrain dopamine neurons. Nature. 2005;437:1027-1031.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Yuan L, Liu J-G, Hoja M-R, Wilbertz J, Nordqvist K, Höög C. Female germ cell aneuploidy and embryo death in mice lacking the meiosis-specific protein SCP3. Science. 2002;296:1115-1118.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Krings A, Braham RR. Guide to Tendrillate Climbers of Costa Rican Mountains. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing; 2008.

An edited book

Wang F-H. Innovations in Digital Watermarking Techniques. Vol 232. (Pan J-S, Jain LC, eds.). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Carambas MCDM. Economic Analysis of Eco-Labeling: The Case of Labeled Organic Rice in Thailand. In: Grote U, Basu AK, Chau NH, eds. New Frontiers in Environmental and Social Labeling. Sustainability and Innovation. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD; 2007:83-109.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Clinical Rheumatology.

Blog post

Andrews R. The Most Swear-Prone US States Are Also The Most Trustworthy. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. National Transportation Safety Board: Observations on the Draft Business Plan for NTSB’s Training Center. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2007.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Encarnacion M. Does the use of clickers while incorporating small groups discussion increase student learning in the chemistry classroom. 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barron J. For Architect, Making A Calmer Restaurant Was Very Stressful. New York Times. October 8, 2017:A21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Clinical Rheumatology
Abbreviation	J. Clin. Rheumatol.
ISSN (print)	1076-1608
ISSN (online)	1536-7355
Scope	Rheumatology