How to format your references using the Journal of Clinical and Translational Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Clinical and Translational Science (JCTS). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Micoli K. Scientists and societies. Postdoc problems--postdoc solutions. Nature 2005; 434(7036): 1050.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bramwell ST, Gingras MJ. Spin ice state in frustrated magnetic pyrochlore materials. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2001; 294(5546): 1495–1501.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gardner TJ, Naef F, Nottebohm F. Freedom and rules: the acquisition and reprogramming of a bird’s learned song. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2005; 308(5724): 1046–1049.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Chen BY-H, Huang C-H, Lin Y-H, Huang C-C, Deng C-X, Hsu L-C. The K898E germline variant in the PP1-binding motif of BRCA1 causes defects in DNA Repair. Scientific reports 2014; 4: 5812.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

McKean J. Customer’s New Voice. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014.

An edited book

Müller-Schloer C, Schmeck H, Ungerer T, editors. Organic Computing — A Paradigm Shift for Complex Systems. Basel: Springer, 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Atkinson K, Han W. Approximation Theory. In: Han W, ed. Spherical Harmonics and Approximations on the Unit Sphere: An Introduction. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2012, pp. 131–163.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Clinical and Translational Science.

Blog post

Andrew E. Intermittent Fasting Could be Beneficial to Health. IFLScience. IFLScience, 2015 [cited October 30, 2018]. (https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/intermittent-fasting-could-be-beneficial-health/).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. National Security: Perspectives on Worldwide Threats and Implications for U.S. Forces. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1992 Apr. Report No.: NSIAD-92-104.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Liza JS. Mentors’ perceptions of bullying in middle and high school settings [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Loomis G. Interpreting Verdi and Alfredo Casella. New York Times. 2016; : C4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Clinical and Translational Science
ISSN (online)	2059-8661
Scope