How to format your references using the Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Irion R: TELESCOPES: Astronomers Overcome “Aperture Envy.” Science 289:32–4, 2000

A journal article with 2 authors

Berndt JD, Moon RT: Cell biology. Making a point with Wnt signals. Science 339:1388–9, 2013

A journal article with 3 authors

Rogers JA, Someya T, Huang Y: Materials and mechanics for stretchable electronics. Science 327:1603–7, 2010

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Lobino M, Korystov D, Kupchak C, et al: Complete characterization of quantum-optical processes. Science 322:563–6, 2008

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Manuele FA: On the Practice of Safety. Hoboken, NJ, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005,

An edited book

Bado S: Protocols for Pre-Field Screening of Mutants for Salt Tolerance in Rice, Wheat and Barley. Forster BP, Ghanim AMA, Jankowicz-Cieslak J, et al, eds. (ed): Cham, Springer International Publishing, 2016,

A chapter in an edited book

Wolff MPH: Banach Spaces and Linear Operators, in: Loeb PA, Wolff MPH, eds. (ed): Nonstandard Analysis for the Working Mathematician Dordrecht, Springer Netherlands, 2015, pp 107–62

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia.

Blog post

Andrew EIFLScience IFLScience,Retrieved from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/lab-grown-skin-could-aid-our-understanding-skin-disorders/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability OfficeWashington, DC, U.S. Government Printing Office,

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hemschik TKPhoenix, AZ, University of Phoenix,

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Qiu L: That’s Not How It Went On the Deal With Iran. New York Times:A16, 2017

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia
Abbreviation	J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth.
ISSN (print)	1053-0770
ISSN (online)	1532-8422
Scope	Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine