How to format your references using the Journal of Cancer Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Cancer Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kärre K (2002) Immunology. A perfect mismatch. Science 295:2029–2031

A journal article with 2 authors

Imondi R, Thomas JB (2003) Neuroscience. The ups and downs of Wnt signaling. Science 302:1903–1904

A journal article with 3 authors

Li Y, Yi M, Zou X (2014) The linear interplay of intrinsic and extrinsic noises ensures a high accuracy of cell fate selection in budding yeast. Sci Rep 4:5764

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Peng N, Meng N, Wang S, et al (2014) An activator of mTOR inhibits oxLDL-induced autophagy and apoptosis in vascular endothelial cells and restricts atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E⁻/⁻ mice. Sci Rep 4:5519

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Morsali A, Hashemi L (2017) Main Group Metal Coordination Polymers. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Bitros GC, Kyriazis NC (2015) Essays in Contemporary Economics: A Festschrift in Memory of A. D. Karayiannis. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Privat M, Warner R (2011) Creating a Data Model. In: Warner R (ed) Pro Core Data for iOS: Data Access and Persistence Engine for iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch. Apress, Berkeley, CA, pp 107–127

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Cancer Education.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Man sues NASA for failing to investigate “alien life” on Mars. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/man-sues-nasa-failing-investigate-“alien-life”-mars/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2005) Independent Media Development Abroad: Challenges Exist in Implementing U.S. Efforts and Measuring Results. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Harris DW (2012) An examination of the impact of computer-based animations and visualization sequence on student understanding of Hadley Cells in atmospheric circulation. Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Poniewozik J (2016) A Debate? Or Rivals Just Trying to Go Viral? New York Times A15

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Cancer Education
Abbreviation	J. Cancer Educ.
ISSN (print)	0885-8195
ISSN (online)	1543-0154
Scope	Oncology Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health