How to format your references using the Journal of Cancer Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Cancer Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Duncan M (2009) Astronomy. Re-viewing an old comet reservoir. Science 325:1211–1212

A journal article with 2 authors

Bringmann H, Hyman AA (2005) A cytokinesis furrow is positioned by two consecutive signals. Nature 436:731–734

A journal article with 3 authors

Ravishankara AR, Daniel JS, Portmann RW (2009) Nitrous oxide (N2O): the dominant ozone-depleting substance emitted in the 21st century. Science 326:123–125

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Chacron MJ, Doiron B, Maler L, et al (2003) Non-classical receptive field mediates switch in a sensory neuron’s frequency tuning. Nature 423:77–81

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Behme S (2015) Manufacturing of Pharmaceutical Proteins. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany

An edited book

Barreira L (2012) Complex Analysis and Differential Equations. Springer, London

A chapter in an edited book

Grand M, Bossuet L, Le Gal B, et al (2011) Design and Implementation of a Multi-Core Crypto-Processor for Software Defined Radios. In: Koch A, Krishnamurthy R, McAllister J, et al (eds) Reconfigurable Computing: Architectures, Tools and Applications: 7th International Symposium, ARC 2011, Belfast, UK, March 23-25, 2011. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 29–40

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Cancer Education.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J (2017) Earth May Have Briefly Supported Complex Life Long Before We Arrived. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/earth-may-have-briefly-supported-complex-life-long-before-we-arrived/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1987) Attack Warning: ADP and Communication Modernization Programs for Warning and Assessment. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mukherjee N (2003) Development of High Sensitivity Bending Mode Polymer Piezoelectric Devices for Inner Ear Implantation. Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cooper BM (2017) The Scramblin’ Kids of Harlem. New York Times D7

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Cancer Education
Abbreviation	J. Cancer Educ.
ISSN (print)	0885-8195
ISSN (online)	1543-0154
Scope	Oncology Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health