How to format your references using the Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle (JCSM). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Knight RT. Neuroscience. Neural networks debunk phrenology. Science 2007;316:1578–1579.

A journal article with 2 authors

Marone C, Richardson E. Geophysics. Do earthquakes rupture piece by piece or all together? Science 2006;313:1748–1749.

A journal article with 3 authors

Weiss KM, Miguel-Sanchez J, Elzerman JM. Magnetically tunable singlet-triplet spin qubit in a four-electron InGaAs coupled quantum dot. Sci Rep 2013;3:3121.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Dong J, Liu J, Kang G, Xie J, Wang Y. Pushing the resolution of photolithography down to 15nm by surface plasmon interference. Sci Rep 2014;4:5618.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lacalle D. Life in the Financial Markets. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, UK; 2014.

An edited book

Basin D, Mitchell JC (eds.). Principles of Security and Trust: Second International Conference, POST 2013, Held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2013, Rome, Italy, March 16-24, 2013. Proceedings. Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Wolf MP, Koons JR. Truth and Pluralism. In: Koons JR, editor. The Normative and the Natural. Springer International Publishing: Cham; 2016. pp. 105–137.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle.

Blog post

Andrew E. New Antiviral Shows Potential Against Ebola. IFLScience. 2014https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/new-antiviral-shows-potential-against-ebola/. Accessed 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Oversight of DOJ Funds for Recreational Activities. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC; 2010.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bible PW. Integrating Heterogeneous Datasets for Functional Profiling of Transcription Factors and Their Target Genes. 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario B, Coscarelli J. Pearl Jam and Baez Join Rock Hall of Fame. New York Times. 2017;C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
Abbreviation	J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle
ISSN (print)	2190-5991
ISSN (online)	2190-6009
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Physiology (medical)