How to format your references using the Journal of Bioscience and Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Bioscience and Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Paulson T. Epidemiology: A mortal foe. Nature. 2013;502:S2-3.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Gulden FO, Šestan N. Neurobiology: building a bigger brain. Nature. 2014;515:206–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Wang C, Shim M, Guyot-Sionnest P. Electrochromic nanocrystal quantum dots. Science. 2001;291:2390–2.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Janssen BJC, Read RJ, Brünger AT, Gros P. Crystallography: crystallographic evidence for deviating C3b structure. Nature. 2007;448:E1-2; discussion E2-3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Lee KB. Principles of Microelectromechanical Systems. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

1. Ma K. Intelligent Web Data Management: Software Architectures and Emerging Technologies. 1st ed. 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Šalak A, Selecká M. Alloying and sintering of manganese steels by manganese vapour. In: Selecká M, editor. Manganese in Powder Metallurgy Steels. Cambridge: Cambridge International Science Publishing Ltd.; 2012. p. 39–71.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Bioscience and Medicine.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Geographic Tongue: The Mysterious Condition That Makes Maps In Your Mouth. IFLScience. 2015. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Computer-Based Patient Records: Short-Term Progress Made, but Much Work Remains to Achieve a Two-Way Data Exchange Between VA and DOD Health Systems. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Ladd RJ. A Study of Alternative Education Programs in the State of Missouri. Doctoral dissertation. Lindenwood University; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Flegenheimer M. On Trump’s Right Flank, a Survivor Well Attuned to Resentment. New York Times. 2017;:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Bioscience and Medicine
ISSN (print)	2161-2625
Scope