How to format your references using the Journal of Bioscience and Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Bioscience and Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Rejmánek M. Ecology: Global trends in plant naturalization. Nature. 2015;525:39–40.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Ramachandran V, Chen X. Degradation of microRNAs by a family of exoribonucleases in Arabidopsis. Science. 2008;321:1490–2.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Sia GM, Clem RL, Huganir RL. The human language-associated gene SRPX2 regulates synapse formation and vocalization in mice. Science. 2013;342:987–91.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Jia J, Tong C, Wang B, Luo L, Jiang J. Hedgehog signalling activity of Smoothened requires phosphorylation by protein kinase A and casein kinase I. Nature. 2004;432:1045–50.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Harris M. Inside the Crystal Ball. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2015.

An edited book

1. Poblet M, editor. Mobile Technologies for Conflict Management: Online Dispute Resolution, Governance, Participation. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Jain P, Pandey R, Shukla SS. Experimental Models for Inflammation. In: Pandey R, Shukla SS, editors. Inflammation: Natural Resources and Its Applications. New Delhi: Springer India; 2015. p. 135–41.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Bioscience and Medicine.

Blog post

1. Carpineti A. Scientists Have Broken A New Nuclear Fusion Record. IFLScience. 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/scientists-have-broken-a-new-nuclear-fusion-record/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Maritime Administration: Efforts To Improve Data on the Federal Ship Financing Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1987.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Shina YE. Youth under the care of the child welfare and juvenile justice systems: A grant proposal for crossover youth. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Kanter J, Castle S. ‘Brexit,’ Migration, Trade: The E.U.’s List of Crises Keeps Growing. New York Times. 2016;:A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Bioscience and Medicine
ISSN (print)	2161-2625
Scope