How to format your references using the Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Trounson A. Obituary: Xiangzhong (Jerry) Yang (1959-2009). Nature. 2009;458(7235):161.

A journal article with 2 authors

Felfly H, Klein OD. Sprouty genes regulate proliferation and survival of human embryonic stem cells. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2277.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kobayashi K, Yoshimura J, Hasegawa E. Coexistence of sexual individuals and genetically isolated asexual counterparts in a thrips. Sci Rep. 2013;3:3286.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Chan RC, Chan A, Jeon M, et al. Chromosome cohesion is regulated by a clock gene paralogue TIM-1. Nature. 2003;423(6943):1002-1009.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Koch SN, Torres SMF, Plumb DC. Canine and Feline Dermatology Drug Handbook. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd,.; 2012.

An edited book

Hayden JA, ed. Literature in the Age of Celestial Discovery: From Copernicus to Flamsteed. Palgrave Macmillan US; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Consigli G, Tria M di, Gaffo M, Iaquinta G, Moriggia V, Uristani A. Dynamic Portfolio Management for Property and Casualty Insurance. In: Bertocchi M, Consigli G, Dempster MAH, eds. Stochastic Optimization Methods in Finance and Energy: New Financial Products and Energy Market Strategies. International Series in Operations Research & Management Science. Springer; 2011:99-124.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity.

Blog post

Andrew E. Polar bear cub at Toronto Zoo has first experience with snow. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Information Technology: DOD Needs to Leverage Lessons Learned from Its Outsourcing Projects. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Martinez J. Effective Nonprofit Collaborative Networks. Doctoral dissertation. Pepperdine University; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J. From Awe (Kershaw) to Anguish (Bullpen) to Survival (Game 5). New York Times. October 12, 2016:B9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity
ISSN (print)	2588-9338
Scope