How to format your references using the Journal of Biomedical Informatics: X citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Biomedical Informatics: X. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

J.D. Sachs, Seeking a global solution, Nature. 430 (2004) 725–726.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

M. Roeb, H. Müller-Steinhagen, Engineering. Concentrating on solar electricity and fuels, Science. 329 (2010) 773–774.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

G. Mongillo, O. Barak, M. Tsodyks, Synaptic theory of working memory, Science. 319 (2008) 1543–1546.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Y. Huang, X. Zhang, Z. Ma, W. Li, Y. Zhou, J. Zhou, W. Zheng, C.Q. Sun, Size, separation, structural order, and mass density of molecules packing in water and ice, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 3005.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

R.A. Fortey, D.L. Bruton, Lower Ordovician Trilobites of the Kirtonryggen Formation, Spitsbergen, The Lethaia Foundation, Norway, 2013.

An edited book

[1]

N. Bartolini, S. Nikoletseas, P. Sinha, V. Cardellini, A. Mahanti, eds., Quality of Service in Heterogeneous Networks: 6th International ICST Conference on Heterogeneous Networking for Quality, Reliability, Security and Robustness, QShine 2009 and 3rd International Workshop on Advanced Architectures and Algorithms for Internet Delivery and Applications, AAA-IDEA 2009, Las Palmas, Gran Canaria, November 23-25, 2009 Proceedings, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

E. Madalińska-Bugaj, W. Łukaszewicz, Belief Revision Revisited, in: A. Gelbukh, Á. de Albornoz, H. Terashima-Marín (Eds.), MICAI 2005: Advances in Artificial Intelligence: 4th Mexican International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Monterrey, Mexico, November 14-18, 2005. Proceedings, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2005: pp. 31–40.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Biomedical Informatics: X.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, Lips are the Most Exposed Erogenous Zone, Which Makes Kissing Feel Very Good, IFLScience. (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/lips-are-most-exposed-erogenous-zone-which-makes-kissing-feel-very-good/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Information Technology: Management Needs to Address Reporting of IRS Investments’ Cost, Schedule, and Scope Information, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2015.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

E. Aggarwal, South Asian women’s attitudes toward help-seeking behaviors, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

S.K. (nyt), World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Terror Scare In Moscow, New York Times. (2002) A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Biomedical Informatics: X
ISSN (print)	2590-177X
Scope

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