How to format your references using the Journal of Biomedical Informatics: X citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Biomedical Informatics: X. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

M. Munro, The hijacked brain, Nature 522 (2015) S46-7.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Y.M. Buckley, Y. Han, Ecology. Managing the side effects of invasion control, Science 344 (2014) 975–976.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

M.M. Tiberti, R. Basili, P. Vannoli, Ups and downs in western Crete (Hellenic subduction zone), Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 5677.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

K.B. Nguyen, W.T. Watford, R. Salomon, S.R. Hofmann, G.C. Pien, A. Morinobu, M. Gadina, J.J. O’Shea, C.A. Biron, Critical role for STAT4 activation by type 1 interferons in the interferon-gamma response to viral infection, Science 297 (2002) 2063–2066.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

D. Zelterman, Discrete Distributions: Applications in the Health Sciences, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2005.

An edited book

[1]

R. Drechsler, Test Pattern Generation using Boolean Proof Engines, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

N. Gurudev, M. Florek, D. Corbeil, E. Knust, Prominent Role of Prominin in the Retina, in: D. Corbeil (Ed.), Prominin-1 (CD133): New Insights on Stem & Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Springer, New York, NY, 2013: pp. 55–71.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Biomedical Informatics: X.

Blog post

[1]

K. Hamilton, What Is The Absolute Limit For Human Athletes? Here’s The Science.., IFLScience (2016).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Technology Transfer: Federal Efforts to Enhance the Competitiveness of Small Manufacturers, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

S.B. Crumlish, Domingo Chileno: An Overture for Orchestra, Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

S.K. (nyt), World Briefing | Asia: Agreement On Last Leg Of Border, New York Times (2005) A8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Biomedical Informatics: X
ISSN (print)	2590-177X
Scope