How to format your references using the Journal of Biomedical Informatics: X citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Biomedical Informatics: X. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

M.E. Mann, Climate reconstruction. The value of multiple proxies, Science 297 (2002) 1481–1482.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

R.M. Steinman, J. Banchereau, Taking dendritic cells into medicine, Nature 449 (2007) 419–426.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

P.G. Tuthill, J.D. Monnier, W.C. Danchi, A dusty torus around the luminous young star LkH alpha101, Nature 409 (2001) 1012–1014.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

L.S.M. Müller, R.O. Cosentino, K.U. Förstner, J. Guizetti, C. Wedel, N. Kaplan, C.J. Janzen, P. Arampatzi, J. Vogel, S. Steinbiss, T.D. Otto, A.-E. Saliba, R.P. Sebra, T.N. Siegel, Genome organization and DNA accessibility control antigenic variation in trypanosomes, Nature 563 (2018) 121–125.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

P. Bajpai, Environmentally Friendly Production of Pulp and Paper, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2010.

An edited book

[1]

J. Meyers, B.J. Geurts, P. Sagaut, eds., Quality and Reliability of Large-Eddy Simulations, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

C.L. Wade, G.F. Koob, L.F. Vendruscolo, Drug Addiction and Chronic Pain: A Review of Animal Models, in: C.A. Fairbanks, M.P.D.T. J (Eds.), Neurobiological Studies of Addiction in Chronic Pain States, Springer, New York, NY, 2014: pp. 61–79.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Biomedical Informatics: X.

Blog post

[1]

J. Fang, Greater Sage-Grouse Will Not Be Listed As Endangered. Can A Land-Use Plan Protect Them?, IFLScience (2015).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Traffic Safety: Improved Reporting and Performance Measures Would Enhance Evaluation of High-Visibility Campaigns, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2008.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

A.G. Kunihiro, The relationship between dietary omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid intake and colorectal cancer, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

E. Weil, A Hole in the Heart, New York Times (2015) MM42.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Biomedical Informatics: X
ISSN (print)	2590-177X
Scope