How to format your references using the Journal of Biomedical Informatics: X citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Biomedical Informatics: X. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

C. Lok, Plans to reduce acceptable arsenic limit put on hold, Nature 410 (2001) 503.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

D. Tilman, F. Isbell, Biodiversity: Recovery as nitrogen declines, Nature 528 (2015) 336–337.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

W.M. Rideout 3rd, K. Eggan, R. Jaenisch, Nuclear cloning and epigenetic reprogramming of the genome, Science 293 (2001) 1093–1098.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

X. Sun, X. Zhang, C. Schuck, H.X. Tang, Nonlinear optical effects of ultrahigh-Q silicon photonic nanocavities immersed in superfluid helium, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 1436.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

F. Gardi, T. Benoist, J. Darlay, B. Estellon, R. Megel, Mathematical Programming Solver Based on Local Search, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2014.

An edited book

[1]

J.S. Rhim, R. Kremer, eds., Human Cell Transformation: Role of Stem Cells and the Microenvironment, Springer, New York, NY, 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

J. Gilmore, P.N. Howard, Digital Media and the 2010 National Elections in Brazil, in: B. Grofman, A.H. Trechsel, M. Franklin (Eds.), The Internet and Democracy in Global Perspective: Voters, Candidates, Parties, and Social Movements, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2014: pp. 43–55.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Biomedical Informatics: X.

Blog post

[1]

T. Hale, Scientists Hope To Bring Giant Galapagos Tortoise Back From Extinction, IFLScience (2017). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/scientists-hope-to-bring-giant-galapagos-tortoise-back-from-extinction/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Aviation Security: Challenges Exist in Stabilizing and Enhancing Passenger and Baggage Screening Operations, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2004.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

K.A. Smith, Impact of animal assisted therapy reading instruction on reading performance of homeschooled students, Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

E. Barry, Attacks Revive Russian Concern That Guerrilla Warfare Will Spread, New York Times (2010) A8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Biomedical Informatics: X
ISSN (print)	2590-177X
Scope