How to format your references using the Journal of Biogeography citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Biogeography. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Donnelly, C. A. (2000). Likely size of the French BSE epidemic. Nature, 408(6814), 787–788.

A journal article with 2 authors

Pearson, B. J., & Doe, C. Q. (2003). Regulation of neuroblast competence in Drosophila. Nature, 425(6958), 624–628.

A journal article with 3 authors

van Dokkum, P. G., Kriek, M., & Franx, M. (2009). A high stellar velocity dispersion for a compact massive galaxy at redshift z = 2.186. Nature, 460(7256), 717–719.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

van Geen, A., Zheng, Y., Stute, M., & Ahmed, K. M. (2003). Comment on “Arsenic Mobility and Groundwater Extraction in Bangladesh” (II). Science (New York, N.Y.), 300(5619), 584; author reply 584.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hersent, O., Petit, J.-P., & Gurle, D. (2005). Beyond VoIP Protocols. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Satoh, S., Nack, F., & Etoh, M. (Eds.). (2008). Advances in Multimedia Modeling: 14th International Multimedia Modeling Conference, MMM 2008, Kyoto, Japan, January 9-11, 2008. Proceedings (Vol. 4903). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Bateman, R. P., Matthews, G. A., & Hall, F. R. (2007). Ground-based application equipment. In L. A. Lacey & H. K. Kaya (Eds.), Field Manual of Techniques in Invertebrate Pathology: Application and Evaluation of Pathogens for Control of Insects and other Invertebrate Pests (pp. 73–98). Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Biogeography.

Blog post

Andrews, R. (2015, November 4). Electrical Shocks To Your Brain Could Boost Your Memory. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/electrical-shocks-your-brain-could-boost-your-memory/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1990). Geographic Information Systems: Status at Selected Agencies (IMTEC-90-74FS). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Malherek, M. N. (2016). The Prevalence and Predictors of Parental Corporal Punishment in the United States [Doctoral dissertation]. Southern Illinois University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gates, A. (2017, February 7). A Showman, His Stage Life and His Unhappy End. New York Times, C6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Donnelly, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Donnelly, 2000; Pearson & Doe, 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Pearson & Doe, 2003)
Three authors: (van Dokkum et al., 2009)
6 or more authors: (van Geen et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Biogeography
Abbreviation	J. Biogeogr.
ISSN (print)	0305-0270
ISSN (online)	1365-2699
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Ecology