How to format your references using the Journal of Biogeography citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Biogeography. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Marx, V. (2013). Tracking metastasis and tricking cancer. Nature, 494(7435), 133–136.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hekimi, S., & Guarente, L. (2003). Genetics and the specificity of the aging process. Science (New York, N.Y.), 299(5611), 1351–1354.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hattori, Y., Tomonaga, M., & Matsuzawa, T. (2013). Spontaneous synchronized tapping to an auditory rhythm in a chimpanzee. Scientific Reports, 3, 1566.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Bruner, A. G., Gullison, R. E., Rice, R. E., & da Fonseca, G. A. (2001). Effectiveness of parks in protecting tropical biodiversity. Science (New York, N.Y.), 291(5501), 125–128.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Abner, D. J. (2016). The ETF Handbook. John Wiley &;#38; Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Remagnino, P., Monekosso, D. N., & Jain, L. C. (Eds.). (2011). Innovations in Defence Support Systems – 3: Intelligent Paradigms in Security (Vol. 336). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Jiang, X., Schofield, A. J., & Wyatt, J. L. (2010). Correlation-Based Intrinsic Image Extraction from a Single Image. In K. Daniilidis, P. Maragos, & N. Paragios (Eds.), Computer Vision – ECCV 2010: 11th European Conference on Computer Vision, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, September 5-11, 2010, Proceedings, Part IV (pp. 58–71). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Biogeography.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2017, February 17). Preserved Body Of Giant Tortoise “Lonesome George” Returns To Galapagos. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/preserved-body-of-giant-tortoise-lonesome-george-returns-to-galapagos/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1982). Success of the Programed School Input Program Justifies Expansion (FPCD-82-53). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Thom, R. R. (2008). Beyond the numbers: A phenomenological study of intangible assets for small manufacturing business valuation [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Phoenix.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Southall, A., & Schweber, N. (2016, April 28). Robbery Suspect Trying to Hide During Roundup Falls to His Death. New York Times, A20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Marx, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Hekimi & Guarente, 2003; Marx, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hekimi & Guarente, 2003)
Three authors: (Hattori et al., 2013)
6 or more authors: (Bruner et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Biogeography
Abbreviation	J. Biogeogr.
ISSN (print)	0305-0270
ISSN (online)	1365-2699
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Ecology

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