How to format your references using the Journal of Biogeography citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Biogeography. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Knight, J. (2001). Physical sciences lose ground as US shifts towards biology. Nature, 412(6844), 259.

A journal article with 2 authors

Czyzewski, B. K., & Wang, D.-N. (2012). Identification and characterization of a bacterial hydrosulphide ion channel. Nature, 483(7390), 494–497.

A journal article with 3 authors

Weis, P., Driesner, T., & Heinrich, C. A. (2012). Porphyry-copper ore shells form at stable pressure-temperature fronts within dynamic fluid plumes. Science (New York, N.Y.), 338(6114), 1613–1616.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Du, D.-Y., Qin, J.-S., Sun, Z., Yan, L.-K., O’Keeffe, M., Su, Z.-M., Li, S.-L., Wang, X.-H., Wang, X.-L., & Lan, Y.-Q. (2013). An unprecedented (3,4,24)-connected heteropolyoxozincate organic framework as heterogeneous crystalline Lewis acid catalyst for biodiesel production. Scientific Reports, 3, 2616.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Korhonen, J., Savolainen, T., & Soininen, J. (2013). Deploying IPv6 in 3GPP Networks. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Pitchumoni, C. S., & Dharmarajan, T. S. (Eds.). (2012). Geriatric Gastroenterology. Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Cuevas, E., Zaldívar, D., & Perez-Cisneros, M. (2016). Template Matching by Using the States of Matter Algorithm. In D. Zaldívar & M. Perez-Cisneros (Eds.), Applications of Evolutionary Computation in Image Processing and Pattern Recognition (pp. 79–105). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Biogeography.

Blog post

Evans, K. (2016, July 12). 9 Things That Can Make You Less Attractive, According To Science. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/nine-things-that-can-make-you-less-attractive-according-to-science/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1980). The Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 (113316). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Othmanawny, G. (2017). Soaked and Unsoaked Performance of Crushed Gravel and Limestone Aggregates [Doctoral dissertation]. Southern Illinois University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Fisher, L. (2008, February 17). QUOTATION OF THE DAY. New York Times, A2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Knight, 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Czyzewski & Wang, 2012; Knight, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Czyzewski & Wang, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Du et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Biogeography
Abbreviation	J. Biogeogr.
ISSN (print)	0305-0270
ISSN (online)	1365-2699
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Ecology