How to format your references using the Journal of Biogeography citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Biogeography. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Yewdell, J. W. (2003). Immunology. Hide and seek in the peptidome. Science (New York, N.Y.), 301(5638), 1334–1335.

A journal article with 2 authors

Walczyk, T., & von Blanckenburg, F. (2002). Natural iron isotope variations in human blood. Science (New York, N.Y.), 295(5562), 2065–2066.

A journal article with 3 authors

Johnson, Z. L., Cheong, C.-G., & Lee, S.-Y. (2012). Crystal structure of a concentrative nucleoside transporter from Vibrio cholerae at 2.4 Å. Nature, 483(7390), 489–493.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Joshi, N., Shirsath, N., Singh, A., Joshi, K. S., & Banerjee, R. (2014). Endogenous lung surfactant inspired pH responsive nanovesicle aerosols: pulmonary compatible and site-specific drug delivery in lung metastases. Scientific Reports, 4, 7085.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Walkenbach, J. (2010). John Walkenbach’s Favorite Excel® 2010 Tips & Tricks. Wiley Publishing, Inc.

An edited book

Suárez, J. C., Garrido, R., Balona, L. A., & Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. (Eds.). (2013). Stellar Pulsations: Impact of New Instrumentation and New Insights (Vol. 31). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Reiersen, L.-O., & Wilson, S. (2012). The Arctic – a Sentinel for Environmental Processes and Effects. In S. Wasum-Rainer, I. Winkelmann, & K. Tiroch (Eds.), Arctic Science, International Law and Climate Change: Legal Aspects of Marine Science in the Arctic Ocean (pp. 15–36). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Biogeography.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2015, January 28). Fossil Skull Suggests Humans and Neanderthals Lived Side by Side in the Middle East. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/fossil-skull-suggests-humans-and-neanderthals-lived-side-side-middle-east/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2003). Financial Management Systems: Core Financial Systems at the 24 Chief Financial Officers Act Agencies (GAO-03-903R). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Burnley, T. (2012). Psychotherapist as Modern-Day Shaman [Doctoral dissertation]. Pacifica Graduate Institute.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kanter, J. (2017, February 15). E.U. Lawmakers Approve Canada Trade Deal, in Message to Trump. New York Times, B2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Yewdell, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Walczyk & von Blanckenburg, 2002; Yewdell, 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Walczyk & von Blanckenburg, 2002)
Three authors: (Johnson et al., 2012)
6 or more authors: (Joshi et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Biogeography
Abbreviation	J. Biogeogr.
ISSN (print)	0305-0270
ISSN (online)	1365-2699
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Ecology