How to format your references using the Journal of Biogeography citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Biogeography. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Clapham, D. E. (2002). Signal transduction. Hot and cold TRP ion channels. Science (New York, N.Y.), 295(5563), 2228–2229.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bada, J. L., & Lazcano, A. (2002). Origin of life. Some like it hot, but not the first biomolecules. Science (New York, N.Y.), 296(5575), 1982–1983.

A journal article with 3 authors

Foote, A. D., Osborne, R. W., & Hoelzel, A. R. (2004). Environment: whale-call response to masking boat noise. Nature, 428(6986), 910.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Nummela, S., Thewissen, J. G. M., Bajpai, S., Hussain, S. T., & Kumar, K. (2004). Eocene evolution of whale hearing. Nature, 430(7001), 776–778.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Vegh, A. (2010). Web Development with the Mac®. Wiley Publishing, Inc.

An edited book

Nash, J. C., & Buechler, H. C. (Eds.). (2016). Ethnographic Collaborations in Latin America: The Effects of Globalization. Palgrave Macmillan US.

A chapter in an edited book

Gaertner, S. L., & Dovidio, J. F. (2008). Addressing Contemporary Racism: The Common Ingroup Identity Model. In C. Willis-Esqueda (Ed.), Motivational Aspects of Prejudice and Racism (pp. 111–133). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Biogeography.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2014, September 30). 600-Year-Old Canoe Offers Glimpse of Early Polynesian Explorers. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/600-year-old-canoe-offers-glimpse-early-polynesian-explorers/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2013). FAA Oversight of Procedures and Technologies to Prevent and Mitigate the Effects of Dense, Continuous Smoke in the Cockpit (GAO-13-551R). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Slaughter, R. A. (2017). Tradition and Progress: California Fire Technology Directors Beliefs and Values [Doctoral dissertation]. Pepperdine University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg, B. (2017, January 26). Midsummer in Newtown. New York Times, C9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Clapham, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Bada & Lazcano, 2002; Clapham, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bada & Lazcano, 2002)
Three authors: (Foote et al., 2004)
6 or more authors: (Nummela et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Biogeography
Abbreviation	J. Biogeogr.
ISSN (print)	0305-0270
ISSN (online)	1365-2699
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Ecology