How to format your references using the Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

J. Maienschein, “Old wine in new bottles,” Nature 407(6800), 21 (2000).

A journal article with 2 authors

E. F. Wagner and M. Petruzzelli, “Cancer metabolism: A waste of insulin interference,” Nature 521(7553), 430–431 (2015).

A journal article with 3 authors

O. Emile, A. Le Floch, and F. Vollrath, “Biopolymers: shape memory in spider draglines,” Nature 440(7084), 621 (2006).

A journal article with 4 or more authors

S. Tomita et al., “Dynamic interaction of stargazin-like TARPs with cycling AMPA receptors at synapses,” Science 303(5663), 1508–1511 (2004).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

K. R. Rao, Z. S. Bojkovic, and D. A. Milovanovic, Introduction to Multimedia Communications, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ (2005).

An edited book

B. Allaria, Ed., Practical Issues in Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Springer, Milano (2012).

A chapter in an edited book

F. L. Chernousko, I. M. Ananievski, and S. A. Reshmin, “Piecewise linear control for mechanical systems under uncertainty,” in Control of Nonlinear Dynamical Systems: Methods and Applications, I. M. Ananievski and S. A. Reshmin, Eds., pp. 157–212, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2008).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems.

Blog post

J. Fang, “Eel-Like Amphibian 278 Million Years Old With Fangs Found In Brazil,” IFLScience, 5 November 2015 (accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, “Review of Selected Computer System Procurements,” FGMSD-80-34, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1980).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

T. Y.-Y. Chung, “Pulse designs on TR-MAS UWB,” Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach (2010).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

J. Wagner, “Cubs Send Nationals to Their Latest Early Exit,” in New York Times, p. B10 (2017).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems
Abbreviation	J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst.
ISSN (print)	2329-4124
ISSN (online)	2329-4221
Scope	Space and Planetary Science Control and Systems Engineering Mechanical Engineering Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Astronomy and Astrophysics Instrumentation

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