How to format your references using the Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

J. Plutzky, “Medicine. PPARs as therapeutic targets: reverse cardiology?,” Science 302(5644), 406–407 (2003).

A journal article with 2 authors

D.-Y. Kang and J. H. Moon, “Lithographically defined three-dimensional pore-patterned carbon with nitrogen doping for high-performance ultrathin supercapacitor applications,” Sci. Rep. 4, 5392 (2014).

A journal article with 3 authors

E. V. Koonin, Y. I. Wolf, and G. P. Karev, “The structure of the protein universe and genome evolution,” Nature 420(6912), 218–223 (2002).

A journal article with 4 or more authors

T. Peter et al., “Atmosphere. When dry air is too humid,” Science 314(5804), 1399–1402 (2006).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

R. Raut and M. N. S. Swamy, Modern Analog Filter Analysis and Design, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany (2010).

An edited book

G. Grimaldi and M. Manto, Eds., Mechanisms and Emerging Therapies in Tremor Disorders, Springer, New York, NY (2013).

A chapter in an edited book

B. G. Nunes, J. P. Costa, and P. Godinho, “On the Application of AHP to the Diagnostic of Portuguese SME,” in Decision Support Systems II - Recent Developments Applied to DSS Network Environments: Euro Working Group Workshop, EWG-DSS 2012, Liverpool, UK, April 12-13, 2012, and Vilnius, Lithuania, July 8-11, 2012, Revised Selected and Extended Papers, J. E. Hernández et al., Eds., pp. 57–71, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2013).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems.

Blog post

S. Luntz, “Early Dinosaurs Had Plenty Of Competition,” IFLScience, 10 November 2016, <https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/early-dinosaurs-had-plenty-of-competition/> (accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, “Federal Surplus Ships: Government Efforts to Address the Growing Backlog of Ships Awaiting Disposal,” NSIAD-99-18, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1998).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

K. A. Magner, “Evaluation of admissions criteria and practices with regards to successful online learning styles and characteristics,” Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University (2010).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

J. B. Stewart, “Iconic Retailer in Slow Decline,” in New York Times, p. B1 (2017).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems
Abbreviation	J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst.
ISSN (print)	2329-4124
ISSN (online)	2329-4221
Scope	Space and Planetary Science Control and Systems Engineering Mechanical Engineering Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Astronomy and Astrophysics Instrumentation