How to format your references using the Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

H. C. Hartzell, “Physiology. CaCl-ing channels get the last laugh,” Science 322(5901), 534–535 (2008).

A journal article with 2 authors

T. Kobayashi and K. Hasui, “Efficient immunization strategies to prevent financial contagion,” Sci. Rep. 4, 3834 (2014).

A journal article with 3 authors

M. C. Raff, A. V. Whitmore, and J. T. Finn, “Axonal self-destruction and neurodegeneration,” Science 296(5569), 868–871 (2002).

A journal article with 4 or more authors

E. Guerin et al., “The SOS response controls integron recombination,” Science 324(5930), 1034 (2009).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

R. A. Schwartz, M. G. Carew, and T. Maksimenko, Micro Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ (2010).

An edited book

A. Quarteroni, Scientific Computing with MATLAB and Octave: Second Edition, F. Saleri, Ed., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2006).

A chapter in an edited book

A. Rai, “The Possibility of Satire: Reading Pratap Narain Misra’s Brāhmaṇ, 1883–1890,” in Asian Punches: A Transcultural Affair, H. Harder and B. Mittler, Eds., pp. 65–74, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2013).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems.

Blog post

E. Andrew, “What We’ve Learned From Science This Year,” IFLScience, 1 January 2015, <https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/things-science-has-taught-us-year/> (accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, “Multiple Launch Rocket System: Range Less Than Needed and Sustained Rocket Production Not Ensured,” NSIAD-97-196R, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1997).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

D. Bain Butler, “How L2 legal writers use strategies for scholarly writing: A mixed methods study,” Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park (2010).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

M. Cooper, “Come Hell or High Water,” in New York Times, p. C1 (2017).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems
Abbreviation	J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst.
ISSN (print)	2329-4124
ISSN (online)	2329-4221
Scope	Space and Planetary Science Control and Systems Engineering Mechanical Engineering Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Astronomy and Astrophysics Instrumentation