How to format your references using the Journal of Arthroscopy and Joint Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Arthroscopy and Joint Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Spottiswoode CN. Evolution. How cooperation defeats cheats. Science. 2013;342(6165):1452-1453.

A journal article with 2 authors

Fradkin E, Kivelson SA. Physics. Electron nematic phases proliferate. Science. 2010;327(5962):155-156.

A journal article with 3 authors

Adilakshmi T, Bellur DL, Woodson SA. Concurrent nucleation of 16S folding and induced fit in 30S ribosome assembly. Nature. 2008;455(7217):1268-1272.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Banerjee S, Meng J, Das S, et al. Morphine induced exacerbation of sepsis is mediated by tempering endotoxin tolerance through modulation of miR-146a. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1977.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kramer-Moore D, Moore M. Destructive Myths in Family Therapy. Wiley-Blackwell; 2012.

An edited book

Abrams JS, Bell RH, eds. Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Surgery: A Practical Approach to Management. Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

Bateni M, Haghpanah N, Sivan B, Zadimoghaddam M. Revenue Maximization with Nonexcludable Goods. In: Chen Y, Immorlica N, eds. Web and Internet Economics: 9th International Conference, WINE 2013, Cambridge, MA, USA, December 11-14, 2013, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer; 2013:40-53.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Arthroscopy and Joint Surgery.

Blog post

Andrew E. Mars Is The Next Step For Humanity – We Must Take It. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Amtrak: Better Reporting, Planning, and Improved Financial Information Could Enhance Decision Making. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2016.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Estrada MI. A Community Risk Assessment of the 90806 Zip Code. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J. Now It’s the Astros in Charge. New York Times. October 28, 2017:D1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Arthroscopy and Joint Surgery
Abbreviation	J. Arthrosc. Jt. Surg.
ISSN (print)	2214-9635
Scope