How to format your references using the Journal of Arthroscopy and Joint Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Arthroscopy and Joint Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Masood E. Pakistan must seize the chance to revive its science. Nature. 2013;500(7460):7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Noakes T, Spedding M. Olympics: Run for your life. Nature. 2012;487(7407):295-296.

A journal article with 3 authors

den Boer SPA, Baer B, Boomsma JJ. Seminal fluid mediates ejaculate competition in social insects. Science. 2010;327(5972):1506-1509.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Jovanovic-Talisman T, Tetenbaum-Novatt J, McKenney AS, et al. Artificial nanopores that mimic the transport selectivity of the nuclear pore complex. Nature. 2009;457(7232):1023-1027.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

De Vos A. Reversible Computing. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2010.

An edited book

Krellenberg K, Hansjürgens B, eds. Climate Adaptation Santiago. Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Liu C, Fang Z, Li J. Practices, Experience and Policy Orientation for Free Education in Normal Universities in China. In: Zhu X, Zeichner K, eds. Preparing Teachers for the 21st Century. New Frontiers of Educational Research. Springer; 2013:67-76.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Arthroscopy and Joint Surgery.

Blog post

Andrew D. Shark Study Reveals Taste Buds Were Key To Evolution Of Teeth. IFLScience. Published January 17, 2017. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/shark-study-reveals-taste-buds-were-key-to-evolution-of-teeth/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Implementation of Section 1903(g) of the Social Security Act by the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1976.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Glazer K. Imagining a Constructionist Game-Based Pedagogical Model: Using Tabletop Role-Playing Game Creation to Enhance Literature Education in High School English Classes. Doctoral dissertation. Pepperdine University; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky S. Plane Crash in Central Asia Kills 68. New York Times. August 25, 2008:A10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Arthroscopy and Joint Surgery
Abbreviation	J. Arthrosc. Jt. Surg.
ISSN (print)	2214-9635
Scope