How to format your references using the Journal of Applied Research and Technology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Applied Research and Technology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Retallack, G. J. (2013). Ediacaran life on land. Nature, 493(7430), 89–92.

A journal article with 2 authors

Annas, G. J., & Elias, S. (2004). Politics, morals and embryos. Nature, 431(7004), 19–20.

A journal article with 3 authors

Storch, D., Marquet, P. A., & Gaston, K. J. (2005). Ecology. Untangling an entangled bank. Science (New York, N.Y.), 307(5710), 684–686.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Nicol, S., Pauly, T., Bindoff, N. L., Wright, S., Thiele, D., Hosie, G. W., Strutton, P. G., & Woehler, E. (2000). Ocean circulation off east Antarctica affects ecosystem structure and sea-ice extent. Nature, 406(6795), 504–507.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Etube, L. S. (2000). Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics of Offshore Structures. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Buszewski, B., Dziubakiewicz, E., & Szumski, M. (Eds.). (2013). Electromigration Techniques: Theory and Practice (Vol. 105). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Ljung, K., de Vos, A., Cook, A., & Weinstein, P. (2010). An Overview of Medical Geology Issues in Australia and Oceania. In O. Selinus, R. B. Finkelman, & J. A. Centeno (Eds.), Medical Geology: A Regional Synthesis (pp. 107–134). Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Applied Research and Technology.

Blog post

Andrew, D. (2016, October 21). September Brought The World’s Record-Breaking Hot Streak To An End – But Don’t Chill Out. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2013). Rail Safety: Improved Human Capital Planning Could Address Emerging Safety Oversight Challenges (GAO-14-85). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zhao, X. (2006). Exfoliation Corrosion Kinetics of High Strength Aluminum Alloys [Doctoral dissertation]. Ohio State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Winerip, M., & Schwirtz, M. (2015, June 2). Federal Inquiry on Rikers Turns to Union Chief. New York Times, A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Retallack, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Annas & Elias, 2004; Retallack, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Annas & Elias, 2004)
Three authors: (Storch et al., 2005)
6 or more authors: (Nicol et al., 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Applied Research and Technology
Abbreviation	J. Appl. Res. Technol.
ISSN (print)	1665-6423
Scope	General Engineering