How to format your references using the Journal of Surgical Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Surgical Oncology (JSO). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Proctor RN. Expert witnesses take the stand. Nature. 2000;407:15-16.

A journal article with 2 authors

Pauluis O, Dias J. Satellite estimates of precipitation-induced dissipation in the atmosphere. Science. 2012;335:953-956.

A journal article with 3 authors

Seufert V, Ramankutty N, Foley JA. Comparing the yields of organic and conventional agriculture. Nature. 2012;485:229-232.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Kolber ZS, Plumley FG, Lang AS, et al. Contribution of aerobic photoheterotrophic bacteria to the carbon cycle in the ocean. Science. 2001;292:2492-2495.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Riehle F. Frequency Standards. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2003.

An edited book

Omatu S, Semalat A, Bocewicz G, et al., eds. Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence, 13th International Conference. Vol 474. Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Saintillan D. Kinetic Models for Biologically Active Suspensions. In: Childress S, Hosoi A, Schultz WW, et al., eds. Natural Locomotion in Fluids and on Surfaces: Swimming, Flying, and Sliding. The IMA Volumes in Mathematics and its Applications. Springer; 2012:53-71.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Surgical Oncology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Paraplegic In “Ironman Suit” Will Take The First Kick In The 2014 World Cup. IFLScience. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/paraplegic-ironman-suit-will-take-first-kick-2014-world-cup/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Management Agenda for the Presidential and Congressional Transition: Promote Transparency and Open Government to Enhance Civic Engagement and Foster Innovation. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2016.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sindel J. Vulnerability towards disordered eating in students registered in general education nutrition classes. Published online 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Berendt J, Kanter J. In Personal Feud, Poland Opposes Ex-Premier’s 2nd Term on E.U. Council. New York Times. March 8, 2017:A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Surgical Oncology
ISSN (print)	0022-4790
ISSN (online)	1096-9098
Scope