How to format your references using the Journal of Applied Phycology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Applied Phycology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Baker M (2011) Synthetic genomes: The next step for the synthetic genome. Nature 473:403, 405–8

A journal article with 2 authors

Jørgensen BB, D’Hondt S (2006) Ecology. A starving majority deep beneath the seafloor. Science 314:932–934

A journal article with 3 authors

Thompson JK, Rainville S, Pritchard DE (2004) Cyclotron frequency shifts arising from polarization forces. Nature 430:58–61

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Roger T, Heitz JJF, Wright EM, Faccio D (2013) Non-collinear interaction of photons with orbital angular momentum. Sci Rep 3:3491

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Benatar D (2012) The Second Sexism. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK

An edited book

Colombo B, Teggi R (eds) (2014) Vestibular Migraine and Related Syndromes. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Altschaffel R, Hoppe T, Kuhlmann S, Dittmann J (2015) Simulation of Automotive Security Threat Warnings to Analyze Driver Interpretations and Emotional Transitions. In: Koornneef F, van Gulijk C (eds) Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security: 34th International Conference, SAFECOMP 2015, Delft, The Netherlands, September 23-25, 2015, Proceedings. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 47–58

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Applied Phycology.

Blog post

Carpineti A (2016) Game-Changing Photocell Turns Carbon Dioxide Into Fuel. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2003) DOD Business Systems Modernization: Important Progress Made to Develop Business Enterprise Architecture, but Much Work Remains. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Packer-Kinlaw D (2012) Anxious journeys: Past, present, and construction of identity in American travel writing. Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly R (1995) A Repulsively Lonely Man. New York Times 71

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Baker 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Jørgensen and D’Hondt 2006; Baker 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Jørgensen and D’Hondt 2006)
Three or more authors: (Roger et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Applied Phycology
Abbreviation	J. Appl. Phycol.
ISSN (print)	0921-8971
ISSN (online)	1573-5176
Scope	Aquatic Science Plant Science