How to format your references using the Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research (JOAPR). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Fergany N. Islam and Science: steps towards reform. Nature, 444, 33–4 (2006).

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Feldmann M, Steinman L. Design of effective immunotherapy for human autoimmunity. Nature, 435, 612–9 (2005).

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Henry GT, Fortner CK, Bastian KC. The effects of experience and attrition for novice high-school science and mathematics teachers. Science, 335, 1118–21 (2012).

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Kim S, Kim S-J, Kim KM, Lee SR, Chang M, Cho E, Kim Y-B, Kim CJ, Chung U-I, Yoo I-K. Physical electro-thermal model of resistive switching in bi-layered resistance-change memory. Sci. Rep., 3, 1680 (2013).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Lacaze PC, Lacroix J-C. Non-Volatile Memories. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, (2014).

An edited book

[1]

Armada MA. Climbing and Walking Robots: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference CLAWAR 2004. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, (2005).

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Ding J, Yang B-Y. Degree of Regularity for HFEv and HFEv-. Post-Quantum Cryptography: 5th International Workshop, PQCrypto 2013, Limoges, France, June 4-7, 2013. Proceedings. (Gaborit Philippe ed.), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp.52–66 (2013).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research.

Blog post

[1]

Carpineti A. “Seventeen Minor Planets Now Have New Names Thanks To A Competition”.cited 30 October, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. GAO Education Products, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1995.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Pulsifer JE. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Stewart JB. Justifiably, This Buck Stopped With the Chief Executive, 2016.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [2].
This sentence cites two references [2,4].
This sentence cites four references [2,4,6,8].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research
Abbreviation	J. Appl. Pharm. Res.
ISSN (online)	2348-0335
Scope

Research and Writing Guides