How to format your references using the Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research (JOAPR). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Varki A. Glycan-based interactions involving vertebrate sialic-acid-recognizing proteins. Nature, 446, 1023–9 (2007).

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Kidd DC, Castano E. Reading literary fiction improves theory of mind. Science, 342, 377–80 (2013).

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Harris RA, Rogers J, Milosavljevic A. Human-specific changes of genome structure detected by genomic triangulation. Science, 316, 235–7 (2007).

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Katsyuba E, Mottis A, Zietak M, De Franco F, van der Velpen V, Gariani K, Ryu D, Cialabrini L, Matilainen O, Liscio P, Giacchè N, Stokar-Regenscheit N, Legouis D, de Seigneux S, Ivanisevic J, Raffaelli N, Schoonjans K, Pellicciari R, Auwerx J. De novo NAD+ synthesis enhances mitochondrial function and improves health. Nature, 563, 354–9 (2018).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Henden J. Beating Combat Stress. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, (2011).

An edited book

[1]

Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology. 4th ed. 2014 ed., Springer, New York, NY, (2014).

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Mendoza-Arroyo C, Vall-Casas P. Urban Neighbourhood Regeneration and Community Participation: An Unresolved Issue in the Barcelona Experience. M² Models and Methodologies for Community Engagement. (Tiwari Reena , Lommerse Marina , Smith Dianne ed.), Springer, Singapore, pp. 53–68 (2014).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research.

Blog post

[1]

Luntz S. “Amateur Astronomers Find Supernova That Exploded 970 Million Years Ago”.: <https://www.iflscience.com/space/amateur-astronomers-find-supernova-that-exploded-970-million-years-ago/>, cited 30 October, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Highway And Transit Investments: Options for Improving Information on Projects’ Benefits and Costs and Increasing Accountability for Results, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2005.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Boyer MD. Doctoral dissertation, Capella University, Minneapolis, MN, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Greenhouse L. Adjudging a Moral Harm To Women From Abortions, 2007.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [2].
This sentence cites two references [2,4].
This sentence cites four references [2,4,6,8].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research
Abbreviation	J. Appl. Pharm. Res.
ISSN (online)	2348-0335
Scope