How to format your references using the Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research (JOAPR). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Anderson JB. Climate change. Ice sheet stability and sea-level rise. Science, 315, 1803–4 (2007).

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Hinde K, Lewis ZT. MICROBIOTA. Mother’s littlest helpers. Science, 348, 1427–8 (2015).

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Wagemaker M, Kentgens APM, Mulder FM. Equilibrium lithium transport between nanocrystalline phases in intercalated TiO(2) anatase. Nature, 418, 397–9 (2002).

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Fedotov VA, Rogacheva AV, Savinov V, Tsai DP, Zheludev NI. Resonant transparency and non-trivial non-radiating excitations in toroidal metamaterials. Sci. Rep., 3, 2967 (2013).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Nemethy L. Business Exit Planning. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, (2011).

An edited book

[1]

Oral Pharmacotherapy for Male Sexual Dysfunction: A Guide to Clinical Management. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, (2005).

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Dowbor L. Economic Democracy: Meeting Some Management Challenges: Changing Scenarios in Brazil. Transitions to Sustainability. (Mancebo François , Sachs Ignacy ed.), Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 39–53 (2015).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. “Skywatching Events Not To Miss In 2014”.: <https://www.iflscience.com/space/skywatching-events-not-miss-2014/>, cited 30 October, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Safety: Is Re-regulation Needed To Improve Aviation Safety, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1987.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Hemschik TK. Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Crow K. Warm Feelings on Bleecker Street For a Rough-and-Tumble Life, 2003.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [2].
This sentence cites two references [2,4].
This sentence cites four references [2,4,6,8].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research
Abbreviation	J. Appl. Pharm. Res.
ISSN (online)	2348-0335
Scope