How to format your references using the Journal of Applied Crystallography citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Applied Crystallography. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bates, M. (2010). Science 330, 1334–1335.

A journal article with 2 authors

Shin, J. S. & Abraham, S. N. (2001). Science 293, 1447–1448.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wieczorek, M. A., Weiss, B. P. & Stewart, S. T. (2012). Science 335, 1212–1215.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Lippmann, E. S., Al-Ahmad, A., Azarin, S. M., Palecek, S. P. & Shusta, E. V. (2014). Sci. Rep. 4, 4160.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kraehmer, H. & Baur, P. (2013). Weed Anatomy Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

An edited book

Boyd, C. & Simpson, L. (2013). Information Security and Privacy: 18th Australasian Conference, ACISP 2013, Brisbane, Australia, July 1-3, 2013. Proceedings Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Karsai, G. & Narayanan, A. (2008). Vol. Model-Driven Development of Reliable Automotive Services: Second Automotive Software Workshop, ASWSD 2006, San Diego, CA, USA, March 15-17, 2006, Revised Selected Papers, edited by M. Broy, I. H. Krüger & M. Meisinger. pp. 67–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Applied Crystallography.

Blog post

Hamilton, K. (2015). IFLScience, https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/science-meditation/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1986). [Comments on Applicability of Vacancies Act to Various Labor and Education Officers] Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Huynhle, M. (2017). High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Increases Resilience against Gram-Negative Bacterial Infection in Drosophila Larvae. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kitsantonis, N. (2017). New York Times B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bates, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Bates, 2010; Shin & Abraham, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Shin & Abraham, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Lippmann et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Applied Crystallography
Abbreviation	J. Appl. Crystallogr.
ISSN (online)	1600-5767
Scope	General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology