How to format your references using the Journal of Animal Ecology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Animal Ecology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2009). Dyslexia: a new synergy between education and cognitive neuroscience. Science (New York, N.Y.), 325(5938), 280–283.

A journal article with 2 authors

Pacala, S., & Socolow, R. (2004). Stabilization wedges: solving the climate problem for the next 50 years with current technologies. Science (New York, N.Y.), 305(5686), 968–972.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zehn, D., Lee, S. Y., & Bevan, M. J. (2009). Complete but curtailed T-cell response to very low-affinity antigen. Nature, 458(7235), 211–214.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Corma, A., Díaz-Cabañas, M. J., Martínez-Triguero, J., Rey, F., & Rius, J. (2002). A large-cavity zeolite with wide pore windows and potential as an oil refining catalyst. Nature, 418(6897), 514–517.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kobilinsky, L., Liotti, T. F., & Oeser-Sweat, J. (2004). DNA: Forensic and Legal Applications. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Romanovsky, A., & Vardanega, T. (Eds.). (2011). Reliable Software Technologies - Ada-Europe 2011: 16th Ada-Europe International Conference on Reliable Software Technologies, Edinburgh, UK, June 20-24, 2011. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Kuusisto, F., Costa, V. S., Nassif, H., Burnside, E., Page, D., & Shavlik, J. (2014). Support Vector Machines for Differential Prediction. In T. Calders, F. Esposito, E. Hüllermeier, & R. Meo (Eds.), Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases: European Conference, ECML PKDD 2014, Nancy, France, September 15-19, 2014. Proceedings, Part II (pp. 50–65). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Animal Ecology.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J. (2015, August 10). Did Shakespeare Smoke Weed? Retrieved October 30, 2018, from IFLScience website: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/did-shakespeare-smoke-weed-pipe-residue-suggests-playwright-used-cannabis/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1976). Current Funding Status of the Energy Research and Development Administration (No. B-178726). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tyler, E. P. (2013). Tectonic geomorphology of quaternary river terraces at Santa Cruz Creek, Santa Maria Basin, Santa Barbara County, California (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario, B. (2017, October 23). Pink’s Latest Album Tops Billboard Chart. New York Times, p. C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gabrieli, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Gabrieli, 2009; Pacala & Socolow, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Pacala & Socolow, 2004)
Three authors: (Zehn, Lee, & Bevan, 2009)
6 or more authors: (Corma, Díaz-Cabañas, Martínez-Triguero, Rey, & Rius, 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Animal Ecology
Abbreviation	J. Anim. Ecol.
ISSN (print)	0021-8790
ISSN (online)	1365-2656
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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