How to format your references using the Journal of Animal Ecology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Animal Ecology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Tolstoy, E. (2011). Galaxy evolution. Galactic paleontology. Science (New York, N.Y.), 333(6039), 176–178.

A journal article with 2 authors

Duan, H., & Sun, C. (2014). Swarm intelligence inspired shills and the evolution of cooperation. Scientific Reports, 4, 5210.

A journal article with 3 authors

Attri, A. K., Kumar, U., & Jain, V. K. (2001). Formation of ozone by fireworks. Nature, 411(6841), 1015.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Rosales, T., Nie, Z., Kapoor, V., Casellas, R., Jr, Knutson, J. R., & Levens, D. (2013). Partition of Myc into immobile vs. mobile complexes within nuclei. Scientific Reports, 3, 1953.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ciana, P. (2011). New Frontiers in Technical Analysis. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Giovannini, M., Maffeis, C., Molinari, E., & Scaglioni, S. (Eds.). (2006). Salute & equilibrio nutrizionale. Milano: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Zamora-Martínez, F., Castro-Bleda, M. J., & España-Boquera, S. (2009). Fast Evaluation of Connectionist Language Models. In J. Cabestany, F. Sandoval, A. Prieto, & J. M. Corchado (Eds.), Bio-Inspired Systems: Computational and Ambient Intelligence: 10th International Work-Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, IWANN 2009, Salamanca, Spain, June 10-12, 2009. Proceedings, Part I (pp. 33–40). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Animal Ecology.

Blog post

Carpineti, C. (2017, June 6). What’s ACTUALLY Going On In This Viral Video Of A Newborn Baby “Walking”? Retrieved October 30, 2018, from IFLScience website: https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/whats-actually-going-on-in-this-viral-video-of-a-newborn-baby-walking/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2009). NASA: Projects Need More Disciplined Oversight and Management to Address Key Challenges (No. GAO-09-436T). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gamez Grijalva, V. M. (2009). Biological and physical-chemical methods for treatment of semiconductor manufacturing effluents (Doctoral dissertation). University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, K. (2017, March 15). Another Goldman Executive Joins Administration. New York Times, p. A11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Tolstoy, 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Duan & Sun, 2014; Tolstoy, 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Duan & Sun, 2014)
Three authors: (Attri, Kumar, & Jain, 2001)
6 or more authors: (Rosales et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Animal Ecology
Abbreviation	J. Anim. Ecol.
ISSN (print)	0021-8790
ISSN (online)	1365-2656
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics