How to format your references using the Journal of Animal Ecology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Animal Ecology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Podolak, M. (2007). Planetary science. The case of Saturn’s spin. Science (New York, N.Y.), 317(5843), 1330–1331.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bahary, N., & Zon, L. I. (2001). Development. Endothelium--chicken soup for the endoderm. Science (New York, N.Y.), 294(5542), 530–531.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ma, H., Sun, H., & Sun, X. (2014). Survival improvement by decade of patients aged 0-14 years with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a SEER analysis. Scientific Reports, 4, 4227.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Hofer, S. B., Mrsic-Flogel, T. D., Bonhoeffer, T., & Hübener, M. (2009). Experience leaves a lasting structural trace in cortical circuits. Nature, 457(7227), 313–317.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Choi, N.-E., & Han, J. H. (2015). How Flavor Works. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Schnars, U. (2005). Digital Holography: Digital Hologram Recording, Numerical Reconstruction, and Related Techniques (W. Jueptner, Ed.). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Matthews, R. W., & Matthews, J. R. (2010). Foraging and Feeding. In J. R. Matthews (Ed.), Insect Behavior: 2nd Edition (pp. 131–184). Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Animal Ecology.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, June 16). Scientists Set New Record for World’s Coolest Molecule. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/scientists-set-new-record-worlds-coolest-molecule/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1980). Use of Computers by Firms Providing Architect-Engineer Services to Federal Agencies (LCD-81-2). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Belic, B. (2005). Complement Verb Variation in Present-Day Serbian [Doctoral dissertation]. Ohio State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt), S. K. (2003, November 26). World Briefing | Europe: Moldova: Putin Cancels Visit. New York Times, A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Podolak, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Bahary & Zon, 2001; Podolak, 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bahary & Zon, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Hofer et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Animal Ecology
Abbreviation	J. Anim. Ecol.
ISSN (print)	0021-8790
ISSN (online)	1365-2656
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics