How to format your references using the Journal of Animal Ecology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Animal Ecology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bird, A. (2007). Perceptions of epigenetics. Nature, 447(7143), 396–398.

A journal article with 2 authors

Becks, L., & Agrawal, A. F. (2010). Higher rates of sex evolve in spatially heterogeneous environments. Nature, 468(7320), 89–92.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ganguly-Fitzgerald, I., Donlea, J., & Shaw, P. J. (2006). Waking experience affects sleep need in Drosophila. Science (New York, N.Y.), 313(5794), 1775–1781.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Kühner, D., Stahl, M., Demircioglu, D. D., & Bertsche, U. (2014). From cells to muropeptide structures in 24 h: peptidoglycan mapping by UPLC-MS. Scientific Reports, 4, 7494.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Atkin, N., Biddiss, M., & Tallett, F. (2011). The Wiley-Blackwell Dictionary of Modern European History Since 1789. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

An edited book

Senn, H.-J., Kapp, U., & Otto, F. (Eds.). (2009). Cancer Prevention II. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Dobkin, P. L., & Hassed, C. S. (2016). Steps for Starting and Sustaining Programs. In C. S. Hassed (Ed.), Mindful Medical Practitioners: A Guide for Clinicians and Educators (pp. 65–74). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Animal Ecology.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2014, December 18). Life Would Go On in Hot, Stinky World Without Microbes. Retrieved October 30, 2018, from IFLScience website: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/life-would-go-hot-stinky-world-without-microbes/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1971). Use of Construction Authority by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (No. B-165118). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Morissette, T. M. (2009). Elder friendliness and social participation of older adults living within age-segregated retirement communities (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard, M. (2010, September 30). Scouting Report. New York Times, p. E6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bird, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Becks & Agrawal, 2010; Bird, 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Becks & Agrawal, 2010)
Three authors: (Ganguly-Fitzgerald, Donlea, & Shaw, 2006)
6 or more authors: (Kühner, Stahl, Demircioglu, & Bertsche, 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Animal Ecology
Abbreviation	J. Anim. Ecol.
ISSN (print)	0021-8790
ISSN (online)	1365-2656
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics