How to format your references using the Journal of Anesthesia citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Anesthesia. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. King G. Ensuring the data-rich future of the social sciences. Science. 2011;331:719–21.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Brennan PA, Zufall F. Pheromonal communication in vertebrates. Nature. 2006;444:308–15.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Chakravarty S, Kee H-Y, Völker K. An explanation for a universality of transition temperatures in families of copper oxide superconductors. Nature. 2004;428:53–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Pfleiderer C, Böni P, Keller T, Rössler UK, Rosch A. Non-Fermi liquid metal without quantum criticality. Science. 2007;316:1871–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Neff DJ, Moss RC. The Future of Nonprofits. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

1. Peterson MP, editor. International Perspectives on Maps and the Internet. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Sammet K, Bergelt D. The Modernisation of Gender Relations and Religion: Comparative Analysis of Secularization Processes. In: Pickel G, Sammet K, editors. Transformations of Religiosity: Religion and Religiosity in Eastern Europe 1989 – 2010. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften; 2012. p. 51–68.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Anesthesia.

Blog post

1. Hale T. Cassini Sends Back Stunning New Image Of Pandora And Mimas Orbiting Saturn [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/newly-released-image-pandora-and-mimas-orbiting-saturn/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Information Technology: DOD Needs to Strengthen Management of Its Statutorily Mandated Software and System Process Improvement Efforts. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2009 Sep. Report No.: GAO-09-888.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Chung D. Health Information Infrastructure: Flows and Frictions [Doctoral dissertation]. [Bloomington, IN]: Indiana University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Walsh MW. A.I.G. Tells Shareholders Stock Sale Still Planned. New York Times. 2011 May 12;B8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Anesthesia
Abbreviation	J. Anesth.
ISSN (print)	0913-8668
ISSN (online)	1438-8359
Scope	Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine

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