How to format your references using the Journal of Anesthesia citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Anesthesia. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Rupen MP. Astronomy. Microquasar fireworks. Science. 2002;298:73–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Greenberg DA, Jin K. From angiogenesis to neuropathology. Nature. 2005;438:954–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Gahan LJ, Gould F, Heckel DG. Identification of a gene associated with Bt resistance in Heliothis virescens. Science. 2001;293:857–60.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Zhou C, Xu L, Song J, Xing R, Xu S, Liu D, et al. Ultrasensitive non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on three-dimensional network of ZnO-CuO hierarchical nanocomposites by electrospinning. Sci Rep. 2014;4:7382.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Lewis RJ Sr. Hazardous Chemicals Desk Reference, Sixth Edition. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2008.

An edited book

1. Tjoa AM, Quirchmayr G, You I, Xu L, editors. Availability, Reliability and Security for Business, Enterprise and Health Information Systems: IFIP WG 8.4/8.9 International Cross Domain Conference and Workshop, ARES 2011, Vienna, Austria, August 22-26, 2011. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Koski SE. How to Measure Animal Personality and Why Does It Matter? Integrating the Psychological and Biological Approaches to Animal Personality. In: Inoue-Murayama M, Kawamura S, Weiss A, editors. From Genes to Animal Behavior: Social Structures, Personalities, Communication by Color. Tokyo: Springer Japan; 2011. p. 115–36.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Anesthesia.

Blog post

1. Fang J. Climate Change Could Stir Up Competition For Plants Living In The Swiss Alps. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Need for Improved Management and Increased Sharing of Computer Resources at the San Antonio Data Services Center. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1980 Sep. Report No.: FGMSD-80-82.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Wiedeman LD. Acceptance promoting and hindering interactions in integrative behavioral couple therapy [Doctoral dissertation]. [Malibu, CA]: Pepperdine University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Kenigsberg B. War Ends, but Divisions Remain. New York Times. 2017 Sep 5;C6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Anesthesia
Abbreviation	J. Anesth.
ISSN (print)	0913-8668
ISSN (online)	1438-8359
Scope	Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine