How to format your references using the Journal of Anesthesia citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Anesthesia. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Kanamori H. Earthquake hazards: Putting seismic research to most effective use. Nature. 2012;483:147–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Sonderegger P, Patthy L. Comment on “Tequila, a neurotrypsin ortholog, regulates long-term memory formation in Drosophila.” Science. 2007;316:1698; author reply 1698.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Liang Y, Wu D, Fu R. Carbon microfibers with hierarchical porous structure from electrospun fiber-like natural biopolymer. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1119.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Xin H, Zhang Y, Lei H, Li Y, Zhang H, Li B. Optofluidic realization and retaining of cell-cell contact using an abrupt tapered optical fibre. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1993.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Bi J. Sensory Discrimination Tests and Measurements. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015.

An edited book

1. Zhang C, Ma Y, editors. Ensemble Machine Learning: Methods and Applications. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Shiotani M, Komaguchi K. Deuterium Labeling Studies and Quantum Effects of Radicals in Solids. In: Lund A, Shiotani M, editors. EPR of Free Radicals in Solids I: Trends in Methods and Applications. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2013. p. 171–221.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Anesthesia.

Blog post

1. Luntz S. Survival Of Dust Disks Near Galactic Center A Mystery [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/survival-dust-disks-near-galactic-center-mystery/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Information Technology: OMB Can Make More Effective Use of Its Investment Reviews. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2005 Apr. Report No.: GAO-05-276.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Gogni de Tolentino MG. Challenges and successes of monolingual Spanish-speaking foster parents [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Saslow L. Board Renewing Searches By Trained Dogs at School. New York Times. 2007 Feb 4;14LI2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Anesthesia
Abbreviation	J. Anesth.
ISSN (print)	0913-8668
ISSN (online)	1438-8359
Scope	Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine