How to format your references using the Journal of African Earth Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of African Earth Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Meister, G., 2008. Molecular biology. RNA interference in the nucleus. Science 321, 496–497.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hibbs, R.E., Gouaux, E., 2011. Principles of activation and permeation in an anion-selective Cys-loop receptor. Nature 474, 54–60.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gollihar, J., Levy, M., Ellington, A.D., 2014. Biochemistry. Many paths to the origin of life. Science 343, 259–260.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Lu, C., Hu, X., Yang, H., Gong, Q., 2013. Integrated all-optical logic discriminators based on plasmonic bandgap engineering. Sci. Rep. 3, 2778.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Stacey, D., 2008. Aeronautical Radio Communication Systems and Networks. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Furuichi, T., Thompson, J. (Eds.), 2008. The Bonobos: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation, Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Springer, New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

Luini, A., Gatti, G.M., 2015. Telemedicine in Senology, in: Gatti, G., Pravettoni, G., Capello, F. (Eds.), Tele-Oncology, TELe-Health. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 39–42.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of African Earth Sciences.

Blog post

Andrews, R., 2017. Scientists Are Running For Congress Because “The Future Hangs In The Balance” [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/scientists-are-running-for-congress-because-the-future-hangs-in-the-balance/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1999. Customs Service Modernization: Impact of New Trade Compliance Strategy Needs to Be Assessed (No. GGD-00-23). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kory, R., 2017. Development of an educational seminar for college female athletes, coaches, athletic directors and parents on the female athlete triad (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Yablonsky, L., 2010. Museo Drive. New York Times M256.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Meister, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Hibbs and Gouaux, 2011; Meister, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hibbs and Gouaux, 2011)
Three or more authors: (Lu et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of African Earth Sciences
Abbreviation	J. Afr. Earth Sci.
ISSN (print)	1464-343X
Scope	Earth-Surface Processes Geology