How to format your references using the Italian Journal of Pediatrics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Italian Journal of Pediatrics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Gomez H. Astrophysics: Survival of the largest. Nature. 2014;511:296–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Makova KD, Li W-H. Strong male-driven evolution of DNA sequences in humans and apes. Nature. 2002;416:624–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Cai Y, Zhang G, Zhang Y-W. Layer-dependent band alignment and work function of few-layer phosphorene. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6677.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Takano J, Noguchi K, Yasumori M, Kobayashi M, Gajdos Z, Miwa K, et al. Arabidopsis boron transporter for xylem loading. Nature. 2002;420:337–40.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Callard F, Sartorius N, Arboleda-Flórez J, Bartlett P, Helmchen H, Stuart H, et al. Mental Illness, Discrimination and the Law. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2012.

An edited book

1. Fricker G, Ott M, Mahringer A, editors. The Blood Brain Barrier (BBB). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Saunthararajah Y, Lavelle D, DeSimone J. Epigenetic Regulation of Globin Genes and Disturbances in Hemoglobinopathies. In: Lübbert M, Jones PA, editors. Epigenetic Therapy of Cancer: Preclinical Models and Treatment Approaches. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014. p. 89–106.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Italian Journal of Pediatrics.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Brain–Brain Interface Allows Humans To Control Cockroaches With Their Minds [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/brain-brain-interface-allows-humans-control-cockroaches-their-minds/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Space-Based Lasers. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1982 Mar. Report No.: 117803.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Hartley DL. Transnational jazz and blues: Aural aesthetics and African diasporic fiction [Doctoral dissertation]. [College Park, MD]: University of Maryland, College Park; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Leland J. World Chess Smackdown! Be There! New York Times. 2016 Nov 4;MB1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Italian Journal of Pediatrics
Abbreviation	Ital. J. Pediatr.
ISSN (online)	1824-7288
Scope