How to format your references using the Irish Journal of Medical Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Irish Journal of Medical Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Davis M (2013) Urban planning: Monumental knock-offs. Nature 494:427–428

A journal article with 2 authors

Hayden LA, Watson EB (2007) A diffusion mechanism for core-mantle interaction. Nature 450:709–711

A journal article with 3 authors

Lacks DJ, Van Orman JA, Lesher CE (2012) Isotope fractionation in silicate melts. Nature 482:E1; discussion E1-2

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Brown S, Janssen M, Adumitroaie V, et al (2018) Prevalent lightning sferics at 600 megahertz near Jupiter’s poles. Nature 558:87–90

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Nathanail CP, Bardos RP (2005) Reclamation of Contaminated Land. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Steiger H-J (2015) Microsurgical Brain Aneurysms: Illustrated Concepts and Cases. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Liberty J, Japikse P, Galloway J (2014) Views. In: Japikse P, Galloway J (eds) Pro Windows 8.1 Development with XAML and C#. Apress, Berkeley, CA, pp 99–129

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Irish Journal of Medical Science.

Blog post

Carpineti A (2016) Life May Develop Even Outside The Habitable Zone. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/life-may-develop-even-outside-the-habitable-zone/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1993) Airport Improvement Program: Allocation of Funds From 1982 to 1992. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mazgaeen L (2017) Differential RNAi Approaches to Enhance Knockdown Efficiency of Target Gene Transcripts in the Highly DDT-Resistant 91-R Strain of Drosophila melanogaster. Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Stewart JB (2017) Monkey Throwing Darts Loses a Faithful Disciple. New York Times B1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Irish Journal of Medical Science
Abbreviation	Ir. J. Med. Sci.
ISSN (print)	0021-1265
ISSN (online)	1863-4362
Scope	General Medicine