How to format your references using the Irish Journal of Medical Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Irish Journal of Medical Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Carmeliet P (2005) Angiogenesis in life, disease and medicine. Nature 438:932–936

A journal article with 2 authors

Pizzarello S, Weber AL (2004) Prebiotic amino acids as asymmetric catalysts. Science 303:1151

A journal article with 3 authors

Charrier I, Mathevon N, Jouventin P (2001) Mother’s voice recognition by seal pups. Nature 412:873

A journal article with 5 or more authors

McDermott R, Simmonds RW, Steffen M, et al (2005) Simultaneous state measurement of coupled Josephson phase qubits. Science 307:1299–1302

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Raz D, Juhola A, Serrat-Fernandez J, Galis A (2006) Fast and Efficient Context-Aware Services. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Alvarez-Gaumé L, Mangano M, Tsesmelis E (2012) From the PS to the LHC - 50 Years of Nobel Memories in High-Energy Physics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Kuijf HJ, Tax CMW, Zaanen LK, et al (2014) The Added Value of Diffusion Tensor Imaging for Automated White Matter Hyperintensity Segmentation. In: O’Donnell L, Nedjati-Gilani G, Rathi Y, et al (eds) Computational Diffusion MRI: MICCAI Workshop, Boston, MA, USA, September 2014. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 45–53

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Irish Journal of Medical Science.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Ancient Rhino Cousin Reorganizes Mammalian Family Tree. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1992) Army Accounting Adjustments--Tank-Automotive Command. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rodriguez EP (2014) Curriculum development for nursing assistants: Pressure ulcer prevention module. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J (2017) Astros Run Wild Against Syndergaard and d’Arnaud. New York Times D5

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Irish Journal of Medical Science
Abbreviation	Ir. J. Med. Sci.
ISSN (print)	0021-1265
ISSN (online)	1863-4362
Scope	General Medicine