How to format your references using the Irish Educational Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Irish Educational Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Marks, Tobin J. 2007. “Retrospective: Frank Albert Cotton (1930-2007).” Science (New York, N.Y.) 316 (5822): 214.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kawaguchi, K., and S. Ishiwata. 2001. “Nucleotide-Dependent Single- to Double-Headed Binding of Kinesin.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 291 (5504): 667–669.

A journal article with 3 authors

Shi, Feng, Jianping Li, and Rob J. S. Wilson. 2014. “A Tree-Ring Reconstruction of the South Asian Summer Monsoon Index over the Past Millennium.” Scientific Reports 4 (October): 6739.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Liu, Shu-Sheng, P. J. De Barro, Jing Xu, Jun-Bo Luan, Lian-Sheng Zang, Yong-Ming Ruan, and Fang-Hao Wan. 2007. “Asymmetric Mating Interactions Drive Widespread Invasion and Displacement in a Whitefly.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 318 (5857): 1769–1772.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Takezawa, Kunio. 2012. Guidebook to R Graphics Using Microsoft® Windows. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Chiarella, Carl, and Alexander Novikov, eds. 2010. Contemporary Quantitative Finance: Essays in Honour of Eckhard Platen. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Miranda Ackerman, Eduardo Jacobo. 2012. “Extracting a Causal Network of News Topics.” In On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2012 Workshops: Confederated International Workshops: OTM Academy, Industry Case Studies Program, EI2N, INBAST, META4eS, OnToContent, ORM, SeDeS, SINCOM, and SOMOCO 2012, Rome, Italy, September 10-14, 2012. Proceedings, edited by Pilar Herrero, Hervé Panetto, Robert Meersman, and Tharam Dillon, 33–42. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Irish Educational Studies.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2015. “FDA Considering Releasing Genetically-Modified Mosquitos In Florida.” IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2000. Evaluations of Even Start Family Literacy Program Effectiveness. HEHS-00-58R. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rogers, Rhianna C. 2010. “Documenting Cultural Transition through Contact Archaeology in Tíhoo, Mérida, Yucatán.” Doctoral dissertation, Boca Raton, FL: Florida Atlantic University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shpigel, Ben. 2016. “Pro Football; Bowles Hospitalized, and He May Not Coach.” New York Times, December 23.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Marks 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Marks 2007; Kawaguchi and Ishiwata 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kawaguchi and Ishiwata 2001)
Three authors: (Shi, Li, and Wilson 2014)
4 or more authors: (Liu et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Irish Educational Studies
Abbreviation	Ir. Educ. Stud.
ISSN (print)	0332-3315
ISSN (online)	1747-4965
Scope	Education