How to format your references using the Irish Educational Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Irish Educational Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

von Hippel, Peter H. 2004. “Biochemistry. Completing the View of Transcriptional Regulation.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 305 (5682): 350–352.

A journal article with 2 authors

Stephens, David J., and Victoria J. Allan. 2003. “Light Microscopy Techniques for Live Cell Imaging.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 300 (5616): 82–86.

A journal article with 3 authors

Yanagisawa, Shuichi, Sang-Dong Yoo, and Jen Sheen. 2003. “Differential Regulation of EIN3 Stability by Glucose and Ethylene Signalling in Plants.” Nature 425 (6957): 521–525.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Hyman, Scott D., T. Joseph W. Lazio, Namir E. Kassim, Paul S. Ray, Craig B. Markwardt, and Farhad Yusef-Zadeh. 2005. “A Powerful Bursting Radio Source towards the Galactic Centre.” Nature 434 (7029): 50–52.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kaltashov, Igor A., and Stephen J. Eyles. 2005. Mass Spectrometry in Biophysics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Allan, Keith, Alessandro Capone, and Istvan Kecskes, eds. 2016. Pragmemes and Theories of Language Use. Vol. 9. Perspectives in Pragmatics, Philosophy & Psychology. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Holzinger, Andreas, Stefan Dorner, Manuela Födinger, André Calero Valdez, and Martina Ziefle. 2010. “Chances of Increasing Youth Health Awareness through Mobile Wellness Applications.” In HCI in Work and Learning, Life and Leisure: 6th Symposium of the Workgroup Human-Computer Interaction and Usability Engineering, USAB 2010, Klagenfurt, Austria, November 4-5, 2010. Proceedings, edited by Gerhard Leitner, Martin Hitz, and Andreas Holzinger, 71–81. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Irish Educational Studies.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, Jonathan. 2017. “Scientists Shouldn’t Be Too Scared Of The Public When Discussing Climate Change.” IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2005. Air Force Assessment of the Joint Strike Fighter’s Aerial Refueling Method. GAO-05-316R. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Soto, Marisela. 2009. “Barriers among Hispanic Adults on Dialysis That Affect Medication Compliance.” Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow, Linda. 2006. “Putting the Pan in Pan-American.” New York Times, January 1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (von Hippel 2004).
This sentence cites two references (von Hippel 2004; Stephens and Allan 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Stephens and Allan 2003)
Three authors: (Yanagisawa, Yoo, and Sheen 2003)
4 or more authors: (Hyman et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Irish Educational Studies
Abbreviation	Ir. Educ. Stud.
ISSN (print)	0332-3315
ISSN (online)	1747-4965
Scope	Education