How to format your references using the Irish Educational Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Irish Educational Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dalton, R. 2000. “International Science Council Names First Female President.” Nature 403 (6770): 582.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rosenthal, Yair, and Anthony J. Broccoli. 2004. “Atmospheric Science. In Search of Paleo-ENSO.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 304 (5668): 219–221.

A journal article with 3 authors

King, Megan C., C. Patrick Lusk, and Günter Blobel. 2006. “Karyopherin-Mediated Import of Integral Inner Nuclear Membrane Proteins.” Nature 442 (7106): 1003–1007.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Zhu, Yihua, Jianfu Zhuang, Xianglian Ge, Xiao Zhang, Zheng Wang, Ji Sun, Juhua Yang, and Feng Gu. 2013. “Identifcation of a Novel Mutation p.I240T in the FRMD7 Gene in a Family with Congenital Nystagmus.” Scientific Reports 3 (October): 3084.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gramß, Tino, Stefan Bornholdt, Michael Groß, Melanie Mitchell, and Thomas Pellizzari. 2005. Non-Standard Computation. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Korobov, Viktor. 2011. Chemical Kinetics with Mathcad and Maple. Edited by Valery Ochkov. Vienna: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Canard, Sébastien, Loïc Ferreira, and Matt Robshaw. 2013. “Improved (and Practical) Public-Key Authentication for UHF RFID Tags.” In Smart Card Research and Advanced Applications: 11th International Conference, CARDIS 2012, Graz, Austria, November 28-30, 2012, Revised Selected Papers, edited by Stefan Mangard, 46–61. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Irish Educational Studies.

Blog post

Andrew, Danielle. 2017. “22q11.2 Deletion: The Most Common Syndrome You Have Never Heard Of.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/22q112-deletion-the-most-common-syndrome-you-have-never-heard-of/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1977. The SEASAT-A Project: Where It Stands Today. PSAD-77-126. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Johnson, Andrew. 2015. “Instructional Practices in Physical Education Programs for Students with Disabilities.” Doctoral dissertation, Scottsdale, AZ: Northcentral University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hollander, Sophia. 2009. “Behind an Outsize Court Case, Two Everyday Tenants.” New York Times, March 15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Dalton 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Dalton 2000; Rosenthal and Broccoli 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rosenthal and Broccoli 2004)
Three authors: (King, Lusk, and Blobel 2006)
4 or more authors: (Zhu et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Irish Educational Studies
Abbreviation	Ir. Educ. Stud.
ISSN (print)	0332-3315
ISSN (online)	1747-4965
Scope	Education