How to format your references using the Inverse Problems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Inverse Problems. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Heimann M 2005 Obituary: Charles David Keeling 1928-2005 Nature 437 331

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

An S J and Almers W 2004 Tracking SNARE complex formation in live endocrine cells Science 306 1042–6

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Su W, Bagshaw C R and Burley G A 2013 Addressable and unidirectional energy transfer along a DNA three-way junction programmed by pyrrole-imidazole polyamides Sci. Rep. 3 1883

A journal article with 99 or more authors

[1]

Blum J D, Klaue A, Nezat C A, Driscoll C T, Johnson C E, Siccama T G, Eagar C, Fahey T J and Likens G E 2002 Mycorrhizal weathering of apatite as an important calcium source in base-poor forest ecosystems Nature 417 729–31

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Freeman R L 2002 Reference Manual for Telecommunications Engineering (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)

An edited book

[1]

Pederzoli P and Bassi C 2013 Uncommon Pancreatic Neoplasms: In collaboration with Massimo Falconi, Roberto Salvia and Giovanni Butturini (Milano: Springer)

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Liénard E, Ban G, Blieck J, Durand D, Duval F, Fléchard X, Herbane M, Labalme M, Lemière Y, Mauger F, Méry A, Naviliat-Cuncic O, Rodriguez D and Thomas J C 2007 The LPCTrap experiment: measurement of the β-ν angular correlation in 6He using a transparent Paul trap TCP 2006: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Trapped Charged Particles and Fundamental Physics (TCP 2006) held in Parksville, Canada, 3–8 September, 2006 ed J Dilling, M Comyn, J Thompson and G Gwinner (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer) pp 29–33

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Inverse Problems.

Blog post

[1]

O`Callaghan J 2017 Billionth Gamma-Ray Observed By NASA Fermi Satellite Instrument IFLScience

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office 1993 Airport Improvement Program: Program Funding by State Relative to Enplanements for Selected Years (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Jin H 2014 Periodic Motions and Bifurcation Tree in a Periodically Excited Duffing Oscillator with Time-delay Doctoral dissertation (Edwardsville, IL: Southern Illinois University)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Grady D 2012 When Illness Makes a Spouse a Stranger New York Times A1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Inverse Problems
Abbreviation	Inverse Probl.
ISSN (print)	0266-5611
ISSN (online)	1361-6420
Scope	Computer Science Applications Signal Processing Applied Mathematics Mathematical Physics Theoretical Computer Science