How to format your references using the International Urology and Nephrology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Urology and Nephrology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Anders AM (2014) Earth science: rain on the parade. Nature 511:413–414

A journal article with 2 authors

Jain RK, Padera TP (2003) Development. Lymphatics make the break. Science 299:209–210

A journal article with 3 authors

Elf J, Li G-W, Xie XS (2007) Probing transcription factor dynamics at the single-molecule level in a living cell. Science 316:1191–1194

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Volkov I, Banavar JR, He F, et al (2005) Density dependence explains tree species abundance and diversity in tropical forests. Nature 438:658–661

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Stein RL (2011) Kinetics of Enzyme Action. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Tjoa AM, Xu LD, Raffai M, Novak NM (2016) Research and Practical Issues of Enterprise Information Systems: 10th IFIP WG 8.9 Working Conference, CONFENIS 2016, Vienna, Austria, December 13–14, 2016, Proceedings. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Inman AG, Tummala-Narra P (2014) Immigration and Human Rights. In: Miville ML, Ferguson AD (eds) Handbook of Race-Ethnicity and Gender in Psychology. Springer, New York, NY, pp 87–109

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Urology and Nephrology.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Why we need volunteers for the first human Ebola trials. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/why-we-need-volunteers-first-human-ebola-trials/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1995) Space Station: Estimated Total U.S. Funding Requirements. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hemschik TK (2008) Course designs, instructional strategies, and support systems in K–8 online education: A case study. Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Reinhart MK (2010) Kathryn Bertine and George Varhola Jr. New York Times ST14

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Urology and Nephrology
Abbreviation	Int. Urol. Nephrol.
ISSN (print)	0301-1623
ISSN (online)	1573-2584
Scope	Nephrology Urology

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