How to format your references using the International Urology and Nephrology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Urology and Nephrology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Blow N (2009) Functional neuroscience: changing the colour of MRI. Nature 458:926

A journal article with 2 authors

Haldane AG, May RM (2011) Systemic risk in banking ecosystems. Nature 469:351–355

A journal article with 3 authors

Dietl GP, Herbert GS, Vermeij GJ (2004) Reduced competition and altered feeding behavior among marine snails after a mass extinction. Science 306:2229–2231

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Dupuy AJ, Akagi K, Largaespada DA, et al (2005) Mammalian mutagenesis using a highly mobile somatic Sleeping Beauty transposon system. Nature 436:221–226

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Levander CF (2013) Where is American Literature? Wiley Blackwell, Oxford, UK

An edited book

Eidelman Y (2014) Separable Type Representations of Matrices and Fast Algorithms: Volume 2 Eigenvalue Method. Springer, Basel

A chapter in an edited book

Houchens N, Kim CS (2014) The Application of Lean in the Healthcare Sector: Theory and Practical Examples. In: Wickramasinghe N, Al-Hakim L, Gonzalez C, Tan J (eds) Lean Thinking for Healthcare. Springer, New York, NY, pp 43–53

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Urology and Nephrology.

Blog post

Luntz S (2016) Chimpanzees Less Stressed With Friends By Their Side. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/chimpanzees-less-stressed-with-friends-by-their-side/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2010) Cybersecurity: Key Challenges Need to Be Addressed to Improve Research and Development. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Haxton SA (2017) Student Risk Perception in the Undergraduate Teaching Laboratory. Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shpigel B (2017) Its Sports Fandom Evolving, Atlanta Chases Football Glory. New York Times A1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Urology and Nephrology
Abbreviation	Int. Urol. Nephrol.
ISSN (print)	0301-1623
ISSN (online)	1573-2584
Scope	Nephrology Urology