How to format your references using the International Urology and Nephrology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Urology and Nephrology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Fortey RA (2002) Evolution: retrospective. Stephen Jay Gould (1941-2002). Science 296:1984

A journal article with 2 authors

Wang K, Stiefel EI (2001) Toward separation and purification of olefins using dithiolene complexes: an electrochemical approach. Science 291:106–109

A journal article with 3 authors

Chen IA, Roberts RW, Szostak JW (2004) The emergence of competition between model protocells. Science 305:1474–1476

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Moriyama S, Brestoff JR, Flamar A-L, et al (2018) β2-adrenergic receptor-mediated negative regulation of group 2 innate lymphoid cell responses. Science 359:1056–1061

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Casadella V, Liu Z, Uzunidis D (2015) Innovation Capabilities and Economic Development in Open Economies. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Meyer H-D, John EPS, Chankseliani M, Uribe L (2013) Fairness in Access to Higher Education in a Global Perspective: Reconciling Excellence, Efficiency, and Justice. SensePublishers, Rotterdam

A chapter in an edited book

Rossi ME, Deutsch CV (2014) Definition of Estimation Domains. In: Deutsch CV (ed) Mineral Resource Estimation. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 51–65

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Urology and Nephrology.

Blog post

Carpineti A (2016) Space Debris Has Chipped One Of The ISS’s Windows. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/space-debris-has-chipped-one-isss-windows/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2007) Highlights of a Forum: Health Care 20 Years From Now--Taking Steps Today to Meet Tomorrow’s Challenges. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Larson SE (2014) A case of rational irrationality: Evidence of expressive interest bias in state e-commerce sales and use tax legislation. Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pfaff J (2017) The Justices Need Fact-Checkers. New York Times A27

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Urology and Nephrology
Abbreviation	Int. Urol. Nephrol.
ISSN (print)	0301-1623
ISSN (online)	1573-2584
Scope	Nephrology Urology