How to format your references using the International Urology and Nephrology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Urology and Nephrology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rangel TF (2012) Ecology. Amazonian extinction debts. Science 337:162–163

A journal article with 2 authors

Barry C, Doeller CF (2013) Neuroscience. 3D mapping in the brain. Science 340:279–280

A journal article with 3 authors

Nadler JW, Angelaki DE, DeAngelis GC (2008) A neural representation of depth from motion parallax in macaque visual cortex. Nature 452:642–645

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Rae JWB, Burke A, Robinson LF, et al (2018) CO2 storage and release in the deep Southern Ocean on millennial to centennial timescales. Nature 562:569–573

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Swatton PJ (2010) Principles of Flight for Pilots. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Kendal SL (2007) An Introduction to Knowledge Engineering. Springer, London

A chapter in an edited book

Joro T, Korhonen PJ (2015) Comparison of Data Envelopment Analysis and Multiple Objective Linear Programming. In: Korhonen PJ (ed) Extension of Data Envelopment Analysis with Preference Information: Value Efficiency. Springer US, Boston, MA, pp 55–64

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Urology and Nephrology.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Lung Capacity Of A Smoker Vs Non-Smoker. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/lung-capacity-smoker-vs-non-smoker/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2000) Financial Audit: District of Columbia Highway Trust Fund’s Fiscal Year 1999 and 1998 Financial Statements. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Glasgow HL (2015) Design and Selection of Probes for In Vivo Molecular Targeting and Imaging. Doctoral dissertation, University of California San Diego

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Stewart JB (2017) For Tax Reform Lessons, Congress Needn’t Look Far. New York Times B1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Urology and Nephrology
Abbreviation	Int. Urol. Nephrol.
ISSN (print)	0301-1623
ISSN (online)	1573-2584
Scope	Nephrology Urology