How to format your references using the International Journal on Innovations in Online Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal on Innovations in Online Education (IJIOE). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Callaway, E., Computers Read the Fossil Record, Nature, vol. 523, no. 7558, pp. 115–16, July 2, 2015.

A journal article with 2 authors

Warren, L. A. and Kauffman, M. E., Geoscience. Microbial Geoengineers, Science (New York, N.Y.), vol. 299, no. 5609, pp. 1027–29, February 14, 2003.

A journal article with 3 authors

Suma, K., Sumiyoshi, Y. and Endo, Y., The Rotational Spectrum of the Water-Hydroperoxy Radical (H2O-HO2) Complex, Science (New York, N.Y.), vol. 311, no. 5765, pp. 1278–81, March 3, 2006.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Pallé, E., Osorio, M. R. Z., Barrena, R., Montañés-Rodríguez, P. and Martín, E. L., Earth’s Transmission Spectrum from Lunar Eclipse Observations, Nature, vol. 459, no. 7248, pp. 814–16, June 11, 2009.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Black, R., Pragmatic Software Testing, Indianapolis, Indiana: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016.

An edited book

Boldyreva, E. and Dera, P. Eds., High-Pressure Crystallography: From Fundamental Phenomena to Technological Applications, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, XVI, 612 p, 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Corbineau, P., A Declarative Language for the Coq Proof Assistant, in Types for Proofs and Programs: International Conference, TYPES 2007, Cividale Des Friuli, Italy, May 2-5, 2007 Revised Selected Papers, M. Miculan I. Scagnetto and F. Honsell, Eds., Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 69–84, 2008.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal on Innovations in Online Education.

Blog post

Fang, J., Why Did Ichthyosaurs Go Extinct?, IFLScience, July 25, 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, Medicare: Callers Can Access 1-800-MEDICARE Services, but Responsibility within CMS for Limited English Proficiency Plan Unclear, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, GAO-09-104, Dec. 29, 2008.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Crump, S., The Efficacy of an Academic Behavior Assessment Tool for the Functional Behavior Assessment Process, Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Ortved, J., Bottoms Up: It’s Her Brand, New York Times, October 6, 2016.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Callaway, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Callaway, 2015; Warren et al., 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Warren et al., 2003)
Three or more authors: (Pallé et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal on Innovations in Online Education
ISSN (print)	2377-9519
ISSN (online)	2377-9527
Scope