How to format your references using the International Journal of Sport Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Sport Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Brook E. Climate change. The ice age carbon puzzle. Science 2012; 336: 682–683

A journal article with 2 authors

Hoffman KA, Singer BS. Magnetic source separation in Earth’s outer core. Science 2008; 321: 1800

A journal article with 3 authors

O’Connor S, Ono R, Clarkson C. Pelagic fishing at 42,000 years before the present and the maritime skills of modern humans. Science 2011; 334: 1117–1121

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Yvan-Charvet L, Pagler T, Gautier EL, Avagyan S, Siry RL, Han S, Welch CL, Wang N, Randolph GJ, Snoeck HW, Tall AR. ATP-binding cassette transporters and HDL suppress hematopoietic stem cell proliferation. Science 2010; 328: 1689–1693

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Center for Chemical Process Safety, American Industrial Hygiene Association. Continuous Monitoring for Hazardous Material Releases. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2009

An edited book

Debnath M. Molecular Diagnostics: Promises and Possibilities. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010

A chapter in an edited book

Liu Z, Zhu H, Abbott A. Dormancy Behaviors and Underlying Regulatory Mechanisms: From Perspective of Pathways to Epigenetic Regulation. In: Anderson JV (ed.). Advances in Plant Dormancy. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015: 75–105

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Sport Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. Should Florida ‘Frack’ Its Limestone For Oil And Gas? Two Geophysicists Weigh In. IFLScience 2016; Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/should-florida-frack-its-limestone-oil-and-gas-two-geophysicists-weigh/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. National Science Foundation Conflict of Interest Problems With Grants to Short Term Employees. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1981

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Crossman DC. The impact of safety culture on worker motivation and the economic bottom line. 2008;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J. Wheeler’s Arm Tenderness Draws Caution Lights, Not Alarm Bells. New York Times 2017; B12

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [2].
This sentence cites two references [2,4].
This sentence cites four references [2,4,6,8].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Sport Medicine
Abbreviation	Int. J. Sports Med.
ISSN (print)	0172-4622
ISSN (online)	1439-3964
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine