How to format your references using the International Journal of Sport Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Sport Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Proctor RN. Expert witnesses take the stand. Nature 2000; 407: 15–16

A journal article with 2 authors

Boos WR, Kuang Z. Sensitivity of the South Asian monsoon to elevated and non-elevated heating. Sci Rep 2013; 3: 1192

A journal article with 3 authors

Koskinen TT, Aylward AD, Miller S. A stability limit for the atmospheres of giant extrasolar planets. Nature 2007; 450: 845–848

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Kapitaniak M, Lazarek M, Nielaczny M, Czolczynski K, Perlikowski P, Kapitaniak T. Synchronization extends the life time of the desired behavior of globally coupled systems. Sci Rep 2014; 4: 4391

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pick JB. Geo-Business GIS in the Digital Organization. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012

An edited book

Holzinger A, Pasi G (eds.). Human-Computer Interaction and Knowledge Discovery in Complex, Unstructured, Big Data: Third International Workshop, HCI-KDD 2013, Held at SouthCHI 2013, Maribor, Slovenia, July 1-3, 2013. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2013

A chapter in an edited book

Díaz I, Touriño J, Doallo R. Towards Low-Latency Model-Oriented Distributed Systems Management. In: Ata S, Hong CS (eds.). Managing Next Generation Networks and Services: 10th Asia-Pacific Network Operations and Management Symposium, APNOMS 2007, Sapporo, Japan, October 10-12, 2007. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2007: 41–50

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Sport Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. Spouses Tend To Have Similar DNA. IFLScience 2014; Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/spouses-tend-have-similar-dna/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Applying Agreed-Upon Procedures: Highway Trust Fund Excise Taxes. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2003

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Whitehead CF. Teacher perceptions of the effects of parentification on social interactions in the school setting. 2010;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G. Fans in Green and Blue Give Life to Drab Stadium. New York Times 2010; B10

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [2].
This sentence cites two references [3,4].
This sentence cites four references [3,6–8].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Sport Medicine
Abbreviation	Int. J. Sports Med.
ISSN (print)	0172-4622
ISSN (online)	1439-3964
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine