How to format your references using the International Journal of Sport Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Sport Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Linden H. Circadian rhythms. A white collar protein senses blue light. Science 2002; 297: 777–778

A journal article with 2 authors

Rees DC, Howard JB. The interface between the biological and inorganic worlds: iron-sulfur metalloclusters. Science 2003; 300: 929–931

A journal article with 3 authors

Royle SJ, Bright NA, Lagnado L. Clathrin is required for the function of the mitotic spindle. Nature 2005; 434: 1152–1157

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Gomes R, Levison HF, Tsiganis K, Morbidelli A. Origin of the cataclysmic Late Heavy Bombardment period of the terrestrial planets. Nature 2005; 435: 466–469

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pickles J, Smith A, Begg R, Buček M, Roukova P, Pástor R. Articulations of Capital. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015

An edited book

Natal Jorge RM, Tavares JMRS, Pinotti Barbosa M, Slade AP (eds.). Technologies for Medical Sciences. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012

A chapter in an edited book

Leal Filho W, Kovaleva M. Methods of Food Waste Reduction. In: Kovaleva M (ed.). Food Waste and Sustainable Food Waste Management in the Baltic Sea Region. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015: 51–80

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Sport Medicine.

Blog post

Carpineti A. This Superluminous Supernova Looks Like It Exploded Twice. IFLScience 2016; Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/this-superluminous-supernova-looks-like-it-exploded-twice/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Airport Finance: Using Airport Grant Funds for Security Projects Has Affected Some Development Projects. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2002

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Jeffries RE. An NMR-compatible bioartificial liver for metabolomic investigation of drug action. 2010;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon M, Craig S. Safety Concerns Stoke Criticism of Kennel Club. New York Times 2013; SP1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [2].
This sentence cites two references [2,4].
This sentence cites four references [3,5,7,8].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Sport Medicine
Abbreviation	Int. J. Sports Med.
ISSN (print)	0172-4622
ISSN (online)	1439-3964
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine