How to format your references using the International Journal of Quality Innovation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Quality Innovation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Brumfiel G (2002) China ponders joining fusion project. Nature 419:545

A journal article with 2 authors

Abramov O, Mojzsis SJ (2009) Microbial habitability of the Hadean Earth during the late heavy bombardment. Nature 459:419–422

A journal article with 3 authors

Ellis AS, Johnson TM, Bullen TD (2002) Chromium isotopes and the fate of hexavalent chromium in the environment. Science 295:2060–2062

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Nishimura MT, Stein M, Hou B-H, et al (2003) Loss of a callose synthase results in salicylic acid-dependent disease resistance. Science 301:969–972

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Machin D, Campbell MJ (2005) Design of Studies for Medical Research. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Reed N, Green JA, Gershenson DM, et al (2011) Rare and Uncommon Gynecological Cancers: A Clinical Guide. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Overgaard M, Sandberg K (2014) Kinds of Access: Different Methods for Report Reveal Different Kinds of Metacognitive Access. In: Fleming SM, Frith CD (eds) The Cognitive Neuroscience of Metacognition. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 67–85

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Quality Innovation.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Science Facts Behind Dr Who Sonic Screwdriver Are Even More Exciting Than Fiction. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/science-facts-behind-dr-who-sonic-screwdriver-are-even-more-exciting-fiction/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1990) Savings Opportunity for the United States Mint’s Promotional Mailings. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Jernigan MB (2013) Use of uprooted invasive buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare ) parent plants as thatch to reduce progeny seedling emergence. Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kanter J, Castle S (2016) E.U. Leaders Talk Tough on ‘Brexit.’ New York Times A8

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Quality Innovation
Abbreviation	Int. J. Qual. Innov.
ISSN (online)	2363-7021
Scope