How to format your references using the International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Chazelle, B., 2007. Computer science. Coding and computing join forces. Science 317, 1691–1692.

A journal article with 2 authors

King, C.-Y., Diaz-Avalos, R., 2004. Protein-only transmission of three yeast prion strains. Nature 428, 319–323.

A journal article with 3 authors

Willis, G.L., Moore, C., Armstrong, S.M., 2014. Parkinson’s disease, lights and melanocytes: looking beyond the retina. Sci. Rep. 4, 3921.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Martens-Habbena, W., Berube, P.M., Urakawa, H., de la Torre, J.R., Stahl, D.A., 2009. Ammonia oxidation kinetics determine niche separation of nitrifying Archaea and Bacteria. Nature 461, 976–979.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Fortey, R.A., Bruton, D.L., 2013. Lower Ordovician Trilobites of the Kirtonryggen Formation, Spitsbergen. The Lethaia Foundation, Norway.

An edited book

Ylirisku, S., 2007. Designing with video: Focusing the user-centred design process. Springer, London.

A chapter in an edited book

Bridges, A.S., Noss, A.J., 2011. Behavior and Activity Patterns, in: O’Connell, A.F., Nichols, J.D., Karanth, K.U. (Eds.), Camera Traps in Animal Ecology: Methods and Analyses. Springer Japan, Tokyo, pp. 57–69.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. Carbon Stored Deep In Antarctic Waters Ended The Last Ice Age [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/environment/carbon-stored-deep-antarctic-waters-ended-last-ice-age/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1992. Highway Trust Fund: Strategies for Safeguarding Highway Financing (No. RCED-92-245). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Murdock, M., 2010. Memoir as contemporary myth (Doctoral dissertation). Pacifica Graduate Institute, Carpinteria, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G., 2010. Petke Departs, Certain He Gave All That He Could. New York Times SP9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Chazelle, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Chazelle, 2007; King and Diaz-Avalos, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (King and Diaz-Avalos, 2004)
Three or more authors: (Martens-Habbena et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X
ISSN (print)	2590-1567
Scope