How to format your references using the International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology Case Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology Case Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

B.A. Stankiewicz, Integration of geoscience and engineering in the oil industry - just a dream?, Nature 426 (2003) 360–363.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

B. Soubeyrand, S.A. Plotkin, Microbial evolution: antitoxin vaccines and pathogen virulence, Nature 417 (2002) 609–10; discussion 610.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

P.J. Baker, S. Harris, C.C. Webbon, Effect of British hunting ban on fox numbers, Nature 419 (2002) 34.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

C.C. Barford, S.C. Wofsy, M.L. Goulden, J.W. Munger, E.H. Pyle, S.P. Urbanski, L. Hutyra, S.R. Saleska, D. Fitzjarrald, K. Moore, Factors controlling long- and short-term sequestration of atmospheric CO2 in a mid-latitude forest, Science 294 (2001) 1688–1691.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

G. Lunn, E.B. Sansone, Destruction of Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2012.

An edited book

[1]

A. Schroeder, C.E. Willert, eds., Particle Image Velocimetry: New Developments and Recent Applications, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

D.M. Berube, Intuitive Toxicology: The Public Perception of Nanoscience, in: F. Allhoff, P. Lin (Eds.), Nanotechnology & Society: Current and Emerging Ethical Issues, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2009: pp. 91–108.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology Case Reports.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, Researchers Discover Brain Cell Changes That Contribute To Alzheimer’s Development In Down’s Syndrome Individuals, IFLScience (2014). https://www.iflscience.com/brain/researchers-discover-brain-cell-changes-contribute-alzheimers-development-downs-syndrome/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Teacher Quality: Approaches, Implementation, and Evaluation of Key Federal Efforts, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2007.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

M.O. Racho, Attributes of Asian American senior leaders who have retained their cultural identity and been successful in American corporations, Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J.B. Stewart, Feel Optimistic About the Booming Market? Then Read at Your Own Risk, New York Times (2017) B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology Case Reports
ISSN (print)	2588-9109
Scope