How to format your references using the International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Bayry J. Journal club. An immunologist applauds a protein that prunes intolerant white blood cells. Nature 2008;456:285.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Slabbekoorn H, Peet M. Ecology: Birds sing at a higher pitch in urban noise. Nature 2003;424:267.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Unterreithmeier QP, Weig EM, Kotthaus JP. Universal transduction scheme for nanomechanical systems based on dielectric forces. Nature 2009;458:1001–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Chen C-H, Huang H, Ward CM, Su JT, Schaeffer LV, Guo M, et al. A synthetic maternal-effect selfish genetic element drives population replacement in Drosophila. Science 2007;316:597–600.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Ergül Ö, Gürel L. The Multilevel Fast Multipole Algorithm (MLFMA) for Solving Large-Scale Computational Electromagnetics Problems. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

[1]

Zumbo BD, Chan EKH, editors. Validity and Validation in Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences. vol. 54. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Gürses A, Açıkyıldız M, Güneş K, Gürses MS. Colorants in Health and Environmental Aspects. In: Açıkyıldız M, Güneş K, Gürses MS, editors. Dyes and Pigments, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016, p. 69–83.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Scientists Create Simple Artificial ‘Cell’ Capable Of Spontaneous Movement. IFLScience 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Student Loans: Characteristics of Defaulted Borrowers in the Stafford Student Loan Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Carroll WE. Leadership and emotional intelligence: Ability-based and mixed models of emotional intelligence as predictors of leadership performance across manager levels. Doctoral dissertation. Capella University, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Greenhouse L. The Kennedy Factor On the Roberts Court. New York Times 2006:42.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine
Abbreviation	Int. J. Osteopath. Med.
ISSN (print)	1746-0689
Scope	Complementary and alternative medicine