How to format your references using the International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia (IJOA). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Montgomery DR. Geology. Dreams of natural streams. Science 2008;319(5861):291–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bever T, Montalbetti M. Linguistics. Noam’s Ark. Science 2002;298(5598):1565–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Aharonian FA, Bogovalov SV, Khangulyan D. Abrupt acceleration of a “cold” ultrarelativistic wind from the Crab pulsar. Nature 2012;482(7386):507–9.

A journal article with 6 or more authors

Niemela JJ, Skrbek L, Sreenivasan KR, Donnelly RJ. Turbulent convection at very high Rayleigh numbers. Nature 2000;404(6780):837–40.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gleeson K. The Personal Efficiency Program. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2008.

An edited book

Brunst H, Müller MS, Nagel WE, Resch MM, editors. Tools for High Performance Computing 2011: Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Parallel Tools for High Performance Computing, September 2011, ZIH, Dresden. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Xu W, Li F. Balanced Ridge Estimator of Coefficient in Linear Model under a Balanced Loss Function (I). in: Zhu M, editor. Information and Management Engineering: International Conference, ICCIC 2011, Wuhan, China, September 17-18, 2011. Proceedings, Part VI. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011. pp. 20–5.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia.

Blog post

Andrew E. Why Are Off-Label Medicines Prescribed? IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/why-are-label-medicines-prescribed/ [accessed October 30, 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Composite Health Care System: Outpatient Capability Is Nearly Ready for Worldwide Deployment. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Caldretti M. Vocal Pedagogy and the Adolescent Female Singing Voice. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K. ... and Making a Precinct True Blue for the Viewers. New York Times 2003:146.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia
Abbreviation	Int. J. Obstet. Anesth.
ISSN (print)	0959-289X
ISSN (online)	1532-3374
Scope	Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Obstetrics and Gynaecology