How to format your references using the International Journal of Nursing Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Nursing Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ohnaka, M., 2004. Geophysics. Rupture in the laboratory. Science 303, 1788–1789.

A journal article with 2 authors

Smetacek, V., Cloern, J.E., 2008. Oceans. On phytoplankton trends. Science 319, 1346–1348.

A journal article with 3 authors

Atallah, B.V., Scanziani, M., Carandini, M., 2014. Atallah et al. reply. Nature 508, E3.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Thomas, P.C., Veverka, J., Robinson, M.S., Murchie, S., 2001. Shoemaker crater as the source of most ejecta blocks on the asteroid 433 Eros. Nature 413, 394–396.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Cross, M., MacDonald, B., 2008. Nutrition in Institutions. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK.

An edited book

Wang, L. (Ed.), 2012. Modeling and Control of Sustainable Power Systems: Towards Smarter and Greener Electric Grids, Green Energy and Technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Dunoff, J.L., 2013. Is Sovereign Equality Obsolete? Understanding Twenty-First Century International Organizations, in: Nijman, J.E., Werner, W.G. (Eds.), Netherlands Yearbook of International Law 2012: Legal Equality and the International Rule of Law - Essays in Honour of P.H. Kooijmans. T. M. C. Asser Press, The Hague, The Netherlands, pp. 99–127.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Nursing Studies.

Blog post

Luntz, S., 2016. Thousands Mourn Death Of Wombat Who Lived For Cuddles [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1982. Methodology Transfer Paper 3 (No. 118985). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Yang, Z., 2017. Primary Isotope Effect on Secondary Kinetic Isotope Effects and Hammett Correlations in Hydride Transfer Reactions (Doctoral dissertation). Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crane, A.T., Hay, G., Larsen, P.T., 2011. Mortgage Market Due for Overhaul. New York Times B2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ohnaka, 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Ohnaka, 2004; Smetacek and Cloern, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Smetacek and Cloern, 2008)
Three or more authors: (Thomas et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Nursing Studies
Abbreviation	Int. J. Nurs. Stud.
ISSN (print)	0020-7489
Scope	General Nursing